使用適用於 Azure 服務的受控識別來驗證 Terraform

Terraform 可讓您定義、預覽和部署雲端基礎結構。 使用 Terraform 時，您可以使用 HCL 語法來建立設定檔。 HCL 語法可讓您指定雲端提供者 (例如 Azure) 和構成雲端基礎結構的元素。 建立設定檔之後，您可以建立執行計畫，讓您先預覽基礎結構變更，之後再部署。 驗證變更之後，您可以套用執行計畫來部署基礎結構。

Azure 資源的 受控識別可用來向 Azure Active Directory 進行驗證。 如果您以非互動式方式執行 Terraform，HashiCorp 建議使用服務主體或受控識別。 有兩種受控識別：系統指派和使用者指派。 在本文中，您將瞭解如何使用系統指派的身分識別。

定義系統指派的受控識別

若要使用系統指派的受控識別，請使用下列步驟：

1. 指定區塊， identity 並將設定 type 為 SystemAssigned。

   resource "azurerm_linux_virtual_machine" "example" {
     # ...
   
     identity {
       type = "SystemAssigned"
     }
   }
   

2. 將 Contributor 角色授與身分識別。

   data "azurerm_subscription" "current" {}
   
   data "azurerm_role_definition" "contributor" {
     name = "Contributor"
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_role_assignment" "example" {
     scope              = data.azurerm_subscription.current.id
     role_definition_name = "Contributor"
     principal_id       = azurerm_linux_virtual_machine.example.identity[0].principal_id
   }
   

3. 使用環境變數進行設定，並指定您的 Azure 認證。

   export ARM_USE_MSI=true
   export ARM_SUBSCRIPTION_ID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
   export ARM_TENANT_ID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
   

範例：使用受控識別建立虛擬機

1. 建立目錄，然後在目錄中測試範例 Terraform 程式碼，並將其設為目前的目錄。

2. 建立名為 providers.tf 的檔案，並插入下列程序代碼。

   terraform {
     required_version = ">=0.12"
   
     required_providers {
       azapi = {
         source  = "azure/azapi"
         version = "~>1.5"
       }
       azurerm = {
         source  = "hashicorp/azurerm"
         version = "~>2.0"
       }
       random = {
         source  = "hashicorp/random"
         version = "~>3.0"
       }
     }
   }
   
   provider "azurerm" {
     features {}
   }
   

3. 建立名為 main.tf 的檔案，並插入下列程式碼：

   resource "random_pet" "rg_name" {
     prefix = var.resource_group_name_prefix
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_resource_group" "rg" {
     location = var.resource_group_location
     name     = random_pet.rg_name.id
   }
   
   data "azurerm_subscription" "current" {}
   
   resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "example" {
     name                = "myVnet"
     address_space       = ["10.0.0.0/16"]
     location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
     resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_subnet" "example" {
     name                 = "mySubnet"
     resource_group_name  = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
     virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.example.name
     address_prefixes     = ["10.0.2.0/24"]
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_network_interface" "example" {
     name                = "myNic"
     location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
     resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
   
     ip_configuration {
       name                          = "internal"
       subnet_id                     = azurerm_subnet.example.id
       private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
     }
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_linux_virtual_machine" "example" {
     name                = "myVm"
     resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
     location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
     size                = "Standard_F2"
     network_interface_ids = [
       azurerm_network_interface.example.id,
     ]
   
     computer_name  = "hostname"
     admin_username = var.username
   
     admin_ssh_key {
       username   = var.username
       public_key = azapi_resource_action.ssh_public_key_gen.output.publicKey
     }
   
     identity {
       type = "SystemAssigned"
     }
   
     os_disk {
       caching              = "ReadWrite"
       storage_account_type = "Standard_LRS"
     }
   
     source_image_reference {
       publisher = "Canonical"
       offer     = "0001-com-ubuntu-server-jammy"
       sku       = "22_04-lts"
       version   = "latest"
     }
   }
   
   data "azurerm_role_definition" "contributor" {
     name = "Contributor"
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_role_assignment" "example" {
     scope              = data.azurerm_subscription.current.id
     role_definition_name = "Contributor"
     principal_id       = azurerm_linux_virtual_machine.example.identity[0].principal_id
   }
   

4. 建立名為 ssh.tf 的檔案，並插入下列程序代碼。

   resource "random_pet" "ssh_key_name" {
     prefix    = "ssh"
     separator = ""
   }
   
   resource "azapi_resource_action" "ssh_public_key_gen" {
     type        = "Microsoft.Compute/sshPublicKeys@2022-11-01"
     resource_id = azapi_resource.ssh_public_key.id
     action      = "generateKeyPair"
     method      = "POST"
   
     response_export_values = ["publicKey", "privateKey"]
   }
   
   resource "azapi_resource" "ssh_public_key" {
     type      = "Microsoft.Compute/sshPublicKeys@2022-11-01"
     name      = random_pet.ssh_key_name.id
     location  = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
     parent_id = azurerm_resource_group.rg.id
   }
   
   output "key_data" {
     value = azapi_resource_action.ssh_public_key_gen.output.publicKey
   }
       ```
   
   

5. 建立名為 variables.tf 的檔案，並插入下列程式碼：

   variable "resource_group_location" {
     type        = string
     description = "Location of the resource group."
     default     = "eastus"
   }
   
   variable "resource_group_name_prefix" {
     type        = string
     description = "Prefix of the resource group name that's combined with a random ID so name is unique in your Azure subscription."
     default     = "rg"
   }
   
   variable "username" {
     type        = string
     description = "The username for the local account that will be created on the new VM."
     default     = "azureadmin"
   }
   

6. 建立名為 outputs.tf 的檔案，並插入下列程式碼：

   output "resource_group_name" {
     value = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
   }
   
   output "azurerm_linux_virtual_machine_name" {
     value = azurerm_linux_virtual_machine.example.name
   }
   

下一步

您的第一個 Terraform 專案：建立 Azure 資源群組