IoT 隨插即用裝置開發人員指南

發行項
02/06/2024

IoT 隨插即用可讓您建置IoT裝置，向Azure IoT應用程式公告其功能。當客戶將裝置連線至 IoT 隨插即用啟用的應用程式，例如IoT Central時，IoT 隨插即用裝置不需要手動設定。

您可以使用模組，或使用 IoT Edge模組直接實作IoT裝置。

本指南說明建立遵循 IoT 隨插即用慣例的裝置、模組或IoT Edge模組所需的基本步驟。

若要建置 IoT 隨插即用裝置、模組或IoT Edge模組，請遵循下列步驟：

請確定您的裝置使用 MQTT 或 MQTT over WebSockets 通訊協議來連線到 Azure IoT 中樞。
建立數字對應項定義語言（DTDL）模型來描述您的裝置。若要深入瞭解，請參閱瞭解 IoT 隨插即用模型中的元件。
更新您的裝置或模組，以宣告 model-id 作為裝置連線的一部分。
實作遵循 IoT 隨插即用慣例的遙測、屬性和命令

一旦裝置或模組實作準備就緒，請使用 Azure IoT 總管來驗證裝置是否遵循 IoT 隨插即用慣例。

模型標識碼公告

若要宣告模型標識碼，裝置必須將其包含在連線資訊中：

static const char g_ThermostatModelId[] = "dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1";
IOTHUB_DEVICE_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE deviceHandle = NULL;
deviceHandle = CreateDeviceClientLLHandle();
iothubResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SetOption(
    deviceHandle, OPTION_MODEL_ID, g_ThermostatModelId);

提示

針對模組和 IoT Edge 請使用 IoTHubModuleClient_LL 取代 IoTHubDeviceClient_LL。

提示

這是裝置唯一可以設定模型標識碼的時間，裝置連線之後就無法更新。

DPS 承載

使用裝置佈建服務（DPS）的裝置，可以使用下列 JSON 承載，包含在 modelId 佈建程式期間要使用的：

{
    "modelId" : "dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1"
}

使用元件

如瞭解 IoT 隨插即用模型中的元件中所述，您應該決定是否要使用元件來描述您的裝置。當您使用元件時，裝置必須遵循下列各節所述的規則：

遙測

默認元件不需要新增至遙測訊息的任何特殊屬性。

當您使用巢狀元件時，裝置必須使用元件名稱來設定訊息屬性：

void PnP_ThermostatComponent_SendTelemetry(
    PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT_HANDLE pnpThermostatComponentHandle,
    IOTHUB_DEVICE_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE deviceClientLL)
{
    PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT* pnpThermostatComponent = (PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT*)pnpThermostatComponentHandle;
    IOTHUB_MESSAGE_HANDLE messageHandle = NULL;
    IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubResult;

    char temperatureStringBuffer[32];

    if (snprintf(
        temperatureStringBuffer,
        sizeof(temperatureStringBuffer),
        g_temperatureTelemetryBodyFormat,
        pnpThermostatComponent->currentTemperature) < 0)
    {
        LogError("snprintf of current temperature telemetry failed");
    }
    else if ((messageHandle = PnP_CreateTelemetryMessageHandle(
        pnpThermostatComponent->componentName, temperatureStringBuffer)) == NULL)
    {
        LogError("Unable to create telemetry message");
    }
    else if ((iothubResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SendEventAsync(
        deviceClientLL, messageHandle, NULL, NULL)) != IOTHUB_CLIENT_OK)
    {
        LogError("Unable to send telemetry message, error=%d", iothubResult);
    }

    IoTHubMessage_Destroy(messageHandle);
}

// ...

PnP_ThermostatComponent_SendTelemetry(g_thermostatHandle1, deviceClient);

唯讀屬性

從預設元件報告屬性並不需要任何特殊的建構：

static const char g_maxTemperatureSinceRebootFormat[] = "{\"maxTempSinceLastReboot\":%.2f}";

char maxTemperatureSinceRebootProperty[256];

snprintf(
    maxTemperatureSinceRebootProperty,
    sizeof(maxTemperatureSinceRebootProperty),
    g_maxTemperatureSinceRebootFormat,
    38.7);

IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubClientResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SendReportedState(
    deviceClientLL,
    (const unsigned char*)maxTemperatureSinceRebootProperty,
    strlen(maxTemperatureSinceRebootProperty), NULL, NULL));

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
      "maxTempSinceLastReboot" : 38.7
  }
}

當您使用巢狀元件時，請在元件名稱內建立屬性，並包含標記：

STRING_HANDLE PnP_CreateReportedProperty(
    const char* componentName,
    const char* propertyName,
    const char* propertyValue
)
{
    STRING_HANDLE jsonToSend;

    if (componentName == NULL) 
    {
        jsonToSend = STRING_construct_sprintf(
            "{\"%s\":%s}",
            propertyName, propertyValue);
    }
    else 
    {
       jsonToSend = STRING_construct_sprintf(
            "{\"""%s\":{\"__t\":\"c\",\"%s\":%s}}",
            componentName, propertyName, propertyValue);
    }

    if (jsonToSend == NULL)
    {
        LogError("Unable to allocate JSON buffer");
    }

    return jsonToSend;
}

void PnP_TempControlComponent_Report_MaxTempSinceLastReboot_Property(
    PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT_HANDLE pnpThermostatComponentHandle,
    IOTHUB_DEVICE_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE deviceClientLL)
{
    PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT* pnpThermostatComponent =
        (PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT*)pnpThermostatComponentHandle;
    char maximumTemperatureAsString[32];
    IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubClientResult;
    STRING_HANDLE jsonToSend = NULL;

    if (snprintf(maximumTemperatureAsString, sizeof(maximumTemperatureAsString),
        "%.2f", pnpThermostatComponent->maxTemperature) < 0)
    {
        LogError("Unable to create max temp since last reboot string for reporting result");
    }
    else if ((jsonToSend = PnP_CreateReportedProperty(
                pnpThermostatComponent->componentName,
                g_maxTempSinceLastRebootPropertyName,
                maximumTemperatureAsString)) == NULL)
    {
        LogError("Unable to build max temp since last reboot property");
    }
    else
    {
        const char* jsonToSendStr = STRING_c_str(jsonToSend);
        size_t jsonToSendStrLen = strlen(jsonToSendStr);

        if ((iothubClientResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SendReportedState(
                deviceClientLL,
                (const unsigned char*)jsonToSendStr,
                jsonToSendStrLen, NULL, NULL)) != IOTHUB_CLIENT_OK)
        {
            LogError("Unable to send reported state, error=%d", iothubClientResult);
        }
        else
        {
            LogInfo("Sending maximumTemperatureSinceLastReboot property to IoTHub for component=%s",
                pnpThermostatComponent->componentName);
        }
    }

    STRING_delete(jsonToSend);
}

// ...

PnP_TempControlComponent_Report_MaxTempSinceLastReboot_Property(g_thermostatHandle1, deviceClient);

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {  
      "__t" : "c",  
      "maxTemperature" : 38.7
     }
  }
}

可寫入的屬性

這些屬性可由裝置設定，或由後端應用程式更新。如果後端應用程式更新屬性，用戶端會在或 ModuleClient中DeviceClient收到回呼通知。若要遵循 IoT 隨插即用慣例，裝置必須通知服務已成功接收屬性。

如果屬性類型為 Object，則服務必須將完整的物件傳送至裝置，即使它只會更新物件的字段子集。裝置傳送的通知也可以是完整的物件。

報告可寫入的屬性

當裝置報告可寫入的屬性時，它必須包含 ack 慣例中定義的值。

若要從預設元件報告可寫入的屬性：

IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubClientResult;
char targetTemperatureResponseProperty[256];

snprintf(
    targetTemperatureResponseProperty,
    sizeof(targetTemperatureResponseProperty),
    "{\"targetTemperature\":{\"value\":%.2f,\"ac\":%d,\"av\":%d,\"ad\":\"%s\"}}",
    23.2, 200, 3, "Successfully updated target temperature");

iothubClientResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SendReportedState(
    deviceClientLL,
    (const unsigned char*)targetTemperatureResponseProperty,
    strlen(targetTemperatureResponseProperty), NULL, NULL);

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "Successfully updated target temperature"
      }
  }
}

若要從巢狀元件報告可寫入的屬性，對應項必須包含標記：

STRING_HANDLE PnP_CreateReportedPropertyWithStatus(const char* componentName,
    const char* propertyName, const char* propertyValue,
    int result, const char* description, int ackVersion
)
{
    STRING_HANDLE jsonToSend;

    if (componentName == NULL) 
    {
        jsonToSend = STRING_construct_sprintf(
            "{\"%s\":{\"value\":%s,\"ac\":%d,\"ad\":\"%s\",\"av\":%d}}",
            propertyName, propertyValue,
            result, description, ackVersion);
    }
    else
    {
       jsonToSend = STRING_construct_sprintf(
            "{\"""%s\":{\"__t\":\"c\",\"%s\":{\"value\":%s,\"ac\":%d,\"ad\":\"%s\",\"av\":%d}}}",
            componentName, propertyName, propertyValue,
            result, description, ackVersion);
    }

    if (jsonToSend == NULL)
    {
        LogError("Unable to allocate JSON buffer");
    }

    return jsonToSend;
}

// ...

char targetTemperatureAsString[32];
IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubClientResult;
STRING_HANDLE jsonToSend = NULL;

snprintf(targetTemperatureAsString,
    sizeof(targetTemperatureAsString),
    "%.2f",
    23.2);
jsonToSend = PnP_CreateReportedPropertyWithStatus(
    "thermostat1",
    "targetTemperature",
    targetTemperatureAsString,
    200,
    "complete",
    3);

const char* jsonToSendStr = STRING_c_str(jsonToSend);
size_t jsonToSendStrLen = strlen(jsonToSendStr);

iothubClientResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SendReportedState(
    deviceClientLL,
    (const unsigned char*)jsonToSendStr,
    jsonToSendStrLen, NULL, NULL);

STRING_delete(jsonToSend);

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1": {
      "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

服務可以更新在連線裝置上觸發通知的所需屬性。此通知包含更新所需的屬性，包括識別更新的版本號碼。裝置必須在傳回給服務的訊息中包含 ack 此版本號碼。

預設元件會看到單一屬性，並使用收到的版本建立報告 ack ：

static void Thermostat_DeviceTwinCallback(
    DEVICE_TWIN_UPDATE_STATE updateState,
    const unsigned char* payload,
    size_t size,
    void* userContextCallback)
{
    // The device handle associated with this request is passed as the context,
    // since we will need to send reported events back.
    IOTHUB_DEVICE_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE deviceClientLL =
        (IOTHUB_DEVICE_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE)userContextCallback;

    char* jsonStr = NULL;
    JSON_Value* rootValue = NULL;
    JSON_Object* desiredObject;
    JSON_Value* versionValue = NULL;
    JSON_Value* targetTemperatureValue = NULL;

    jsonStr = CopyTwinPayloadToString(payload, size));
    rootValue = json_parse_string(jsonStr));
    desiredObject = GetDesiredJson(updateState, rootValue));
    targetTemperatureValue = json_object_get_value(desiredObject, "targetTemperature"));
    versionValue = json_object_get_value(desiredObject, "$version"));
    json_value_get_type(versionValue);
    json_value_get_type(targetTemperatureValue);

    double targetTemperature = json_value_get_number(targetTemperatureValue);
    int version = (int)json_value_get_number(versionValue);

    // ...

    // The device needs to let the service know that it has received the targetTemperature desired property.
    SendTargetTemperatureReport(deviceClientLL, targetTemperature, 200, version, "Successfully updated target temperature");

    json_value_free(rootValue);
    free(jsonStr);
}

// ...

IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubResult;
iothubResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SetDeviceTwinCallback(
    deviceHandle, Thermostat_DeviceTwinCallback, (void*)deviceHandle))

巢狀元件的裝置對應項會顯示所需的和回報區段，如下所示：

{
  "desired" : {
    "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "Successfully updated target temperature"
      }
  }
}

巢狀元件會接收以元件名稱包裝的所需屬性，而且應該回報 ack 報告屬性：

bool PnP_ProcessTwinData(
    DEVICE_TWIN_UPDATE_STATE updateState,
    const unsigned char* payload,
    size_t size, const char** componentsInModel,
    size_t numComponentsInModel,
    PnP_PropertyCallbackFunction pnpPropertyCallback,
    void* userContextCallback)
{
    char* jsonStr = NULL;
    JSON_Value* rootValue = NULL;
    JSON_Object* desiredObject;
    bool result;

    jsonStr = PnP_CopyPayloadToString(payload, size));
    rootValue = json_parse_string(jsonStr));
    desiredObject = GetDesiredJson(updateState, rootValue));
    
    result = VisitDesiredObject(
        desiredObject, componentsInModel,
        numComponentsInModel, pnpPropertyCallback,
        userContextCallback);


    json_value_free(rootValue);
    free(jsonStr);

    return result;
}

// ...
static const char g_thermostatComponent1Name[] = "thermostat1";
static const size_t g_thermostatComponent1Size = sizeof(g_thermostatComponent1Name) - 1;
static const char g_thermostatComponent2Name[] = "thermostat2";

static const char* g_modeledComponents[] = {g_thermostatComponent1Name, g_thermostatComponent2Name};
static const size_t g_numModeledComponents = sizeof(g_modeledComponents) / sizeof(g_modeledComponents[0]);

static void PnP_TempControlComponent_DeviceTwinCallback(
    DEVICE_TWIN_UPDATE_STATE updateState,
    const unsigned char* payload,
    size_t size,
    void* userContextCallback
)
{
    PnP_ProcessTwinData(
        updateState, payload,
        size, g_modeledComponents,
        g_numModeledComponents,
        PnP_TempControlComponent_ApplicationPropertyCallback,
        userContextCallback);
}

巢狀元件的裝置對應項會顯示所需的和回報區段，如下所示：

{
  "desired" : {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
        "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    }
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

命令

默認元件會接收由服務叫用的命令名稱。

巢狀元件會接收前面加上元件名稱和分隔符的 * 命令名稱。

void PnP_ParseCommandName(
    const char* deviceMethodName,
    unsigned const char** componentName,
    size_t* componentNameSize,
    const char** pnpCommandName
)
{
    const char* separator;

    if ((separator = strchr(deviceMethodName, "*")) != NULL)
    {
        *componentName = (unsigned const char*)deviceMethodName;
        *componentNameSize = separator - deviceMethodName;
        *pnpCommandName = separator + 1;
    }
    else
    {
        *componentName = NULL;
        *componentNameSize = 0;
        *pnpCommandName = deviceMethodName;
    }
}

static int PnP_TempControlComponent_DeviceMethodCallback(
    const char* methodName,
    const unsigned char* payload,
    size_t size,
    unsigned char** response,
    size_t* responseSize,
    void* userContextCallback)
{
    (void)userContextCallback;

    char* jsonStr = NULL;
    JSON_Value* rootValue = NULL;
    int result;
    unsigned const char *componentName;
    size_t componentNameSize;
    const char *pnpCommandName;

    *response = NULL;
    *responseSize = 0;

    // Parse the methodName into its componentName and CommandName.
    PnP_ParseCommandName(methodName, &componentName, &componentNameSize, &pnpCommandName);

    // Parse the JSON of the payload request.
    jsonStr = PnP_CopyPayloadToString(payload, size));
    rootValue = json_parse_string(jsonStr));
    if (componentName != NULL)
    {
        if (strncmp((const char*)componentName, g_thermostatComponent1Name, g_thermostatComponent1Size) == 0)
        {
            result = PnP_ThermostatComponent_ProcessCommand(g_thermostatHandle1, pnpCommandName, rootValue, response, responseSize);
        }
        else if (strncmp((const char*)componentName, g_thermostatComponent2Name, g_thermostatComponent2Size) == 0)
        {
            result = PnP_ThermostatComponent_ProcessCommand(g_thermostatHandle2, pnpCommandName, rootValue, response, responseSize);
        }
        else
        {
            LogError("PnP component=%.*s is not supported by TemperatureController", (int)componentNameSize, componentName);
            result = PNP_STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        LogInfo("Received PnP command for TemperatureController component, command=%s", pnpCommandName);
        if (strcmp(pnpCommandName, g_rebootCommand) == 0)
        {
            result = PnP_TempControlComponent_InvokeRebootCommand(rootValue);
        }
        else
        {
            LogError("PnP command=s%s is not supported by TemperatureController", pnpCommandName);
            result = PNP_STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
        }
    }

    if (*response == NULL)
    {
        SetEmptyCommandResponse(response, responseSize, &result);
    }

    json_value_free(rootValue);
    free(jsonStr);

    return result;
}

// ...

PNP_DEVICE_CONFIGURATION g_pnpDeviceConfiguration;
g_pnpDeviceConfiguration.deviceMethodCallback = PnP_TempControlComponent_DeviceMethodCallback;
deviceClient = PnP_CreateDeviceClientLLHandle(&g_pnpDeviceConfiguration);

要求和響應承載

命令會使用類型來定義其要求和響應承載。裝置必須還原串行化傳入輸入參數，並串行化回應。

下列範例示範如何使用裝載中定義的複雜類型來實作命令：

{
  "@type": "Command",
  "name": "getMaxMinReport",
  "displayName": "Get Max-Min report.",
  "description": "This command returns the max, min and average temperature from the specified time to the current time.",
  "request": {
    "name": "since",
    "displayName": "Since",
    "description": "Period to return the max-min report.",
    "schema": "dateTime"
  },
  "response": {
    "name" : "tempReport",
    "displayName": "Temperature Report",
    "schema": {
      "@type": "Object",
      "fields": [
        {
          "name": "maxTemp",
          "displayName": "Max temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name": "minTemp",
          "displayName": "Min temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "avgTemp",
          "displayName": "Average Temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "startTime",
          "displayName": "Start Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        },
        {
          "name" : "endTime",
          "displayName": "End Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

下列代碼段顯示裝置如何實作此命令定義，包括用來啟用串行化和還原串行化的型別：

static const char g_maxMinCommandResponseFormat[] = "{\"maxTemp\":%.2f,\"minTemp\":%.2f,\"avgTemp\":%.2f,\"startTime\":\"%s\",\"endTime\":\"%s\"}";

// ...

static bool BuildMaxMinCommandResponse(
    PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT* pnpThermostatComponent,
    unsigned char** response,
    size_t* responseSize)
{
    int responseBuilderSize = 0;
    unsigned char* responseBuilder = NULL;
    bool result;
    char currentTime[TIME_BUFFER_SIZE];

    BuildUtcTimeFromCurrentTime(currentTime, sizeof(currentTime));
    responseBuilderSize = snprintf(NULL, 0, g_maxMinCommandResponseFormat,
        pnpThermostatComponent->maxTemperature,
        pnpThermostatComponent->minTemperature,
        pnpThermostatComponent->allTemperatures /
        pnpThermostatComponent->numTemperatureUpdates,
        g_programStartTime, currentTime));

    responseBuilder = calloc(1, responseBuilderSize + 1));

    responseBuilderSize = snprintf(
        (char*)responseBuilder, responseBuilderSize + 1, g_maxMinCommandResponseFormat,
        pnpThermostatComponent->maxTemperature,
        pnpThermostatComponent->minTemperature,
        pnpThermostatComponent->allTemperatures / pnpThermostatComponent->numTemperatureUpdates,
        g_programStartTime,
        currentTime));

    *response = responseBuilder;
    *responseSize = (size_t)responseBuilderSize;

    return true;
}

提示

要求和回應名稱不存在於透過網路傳輸的串行化承載中。

SDK

本文中的代碼段是以使用適用於 Eclipse ThreadX 的 Azure IoT 中間件附加元件範例為基礎。附加元件是 Eclipse ThreadX 與 Azure SDK for Embedded C 之間的系結層。

本文中的代碼段是以下列範例為基礎：

模型標識碼公告

若要宣告模型標識碼，裝置必須將其包含在連線資訊中：

#include "nx_azure_iot_hub_client.h"

// ...

#define SAMPLE_PNP_MODEL_ID "dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1"

// ...

status = nx_azure_iot_hub_client_model_id_set(iothub_client_ptr, (UCHAR *)SAMPLE_PNP_MODEL_ID, sizeof(SAMPLE_PNP_MODEL_ID) - 1);

提示

這是裝置唯一可以設定模型標識碼的時間，裝置連線之後就無法更新。

DPS 承載

使用裝置佈建服務（DPS）的裝置，可以使用下列 JSON 承載，在modelId佈建程式期間包含要使用的：

{
    "modelId" : "dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1"
}

此範例會使用下列程式代碼來傳送此承載：

#include "nx_azure_iot_provisioning_client.h"

// ...

#define SAMPLE_PNP_MODEL_ID "dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1"
#define SAMPLE_PNP_DPS_PAYLOAD "{\"modelId\":\"" SAMPLE_PNP_MODEL_ID "\"}"

// ...

status = nx_azure_iot_provisioning_client_registration_payload_set(prov_client_ptr, (UCHAR *)SAMPLE_PNP_DPS_PAYLOAD, sizeof(SAMPLE_PNP_DPS_PAYLOAD) - 1);

使用元件

如瞭解 IoT 隨插即用模型中的元件中所述，您必須決定是否要使用元件來描述您的裝置。當您使用元件時，裝置必須遵循下列各節中所述的規則。為了簡化使用元件 IoT 隨插即用慣例，範例會使用 nx_azure_iot_hub_client.h 中的協助程式函式。

遙測

默認元件不需要新增至遙測訊息的任何特殊屬性。

當您使用巢狀元件時，裝置必須使用元件名稱來設定訊息屬性。在下列代碼段中， component_name_ptr 是元件的名稱，例如 thermostat1。 nx_azure_iot_pnp_helpers.h 中定義的協助程式函nx_azure_iot_pnp_helper_telemetry_message_create式會新增具有元件名稱的訊息屬性：

#include "nx_azure_iot_pnp_helpers.h"

// ...

static const CHAR telemetry_name[] = "temperature";

// ...

UINT sample_pnp_thermostat_telemetry_send(SAMPLE_PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT *handle, NX_AZURE_IOT_HUB_CLIENT *iothub_client_ptr)
{
UINT status;
NX_PACKET *packet_ptr;
NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_WRITER json_writer;
UINT buffer_length;

    // ...

    /* Create a telemetry message packet. */
    if ((status = nx_azure_iot_pnp_helper_telemetry_message_create(iothub_client_ptr, handle -> component_name_ptr,
        handle -> component_name_length,
        &packet_ptr, NX_WAIT_FOREVER)))
    {
        // ...
    }

    // ...

    if ((status = nx_azure_iot_hub_client_telemetry_send(iothub_client_ptr, packet_ptr,
        (UCHAR *)scratch_buffer, buffer_length, NX_WAIT_FOREVER)))
    {
        // ...
    }

    // ...

    return(status);
}

唯讀屬性

從預設元件報告屬性並不需要任何特殊的建構：

#include "nx_azure_iot_hub_client.h"
#include "nx_azure_iot_json_writer.h"

// ...

static const CHAR reported_max_temp_since_last_reboot[] = "maxTempSinceLastReboot";

// ...

static UINT sample_build_reported_property(NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_WRITER *json_builder_ptr, double temp)
{
UINT ret;

    if (nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_begin_object(json_builder_ptr) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_property_with_double_value(json_builder_ptr,
            (UCHAR *)reported_max_temp_since_last_reboot,
            sizeof(reported_max_temp_since_last_reboot) - 1,
            temp, DOUBLE_DECIMAL_PLACE_DIGITS) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_end_object(json_builder_ptr))
    {
        ret = 1;
        printf("Failed to build reported property\r\n");
    }
    else
    {
        ret = 0;
    }

    return(ret);
}

// ...

if ((status = sample_build_reported_property(&json_builder, device_max_temp)))
{
    // ...
}

reported_properties_length = nx_azure_iot_json_writer_get_bytes_used(&json_builder);
if ((status = nx_azure_iot_hub_client_device_twin_reported_properties_send(&(context -> iothub_client),
    scratch_buffer,
    reported_properties_length,
    &request_id, &response_status,
    &reported_property_version,
    (5 * NX_IP_PERIODIC_RATE))))
{
    // ...
}

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
      "maxTempSinceLastReboot" : 38.7
  }
}

當您使用巢狀元件時，必須在元件名稱內建立屬性，並包含標記。在下列代碼段中， component_name_ptr 是元件的名稱，例如 thermostat1。 nx_azure_iot_pnp_helpers.h 中定義的協助程式函nx_azure_iot_pnp_helper_build_reported_property式會以正確的格式建立報告屬性：

#include "nx_azure_iot_pnp_helpers.h"

// ...

static const CHAR reported_max_temp_since_last_reboot[] = "maxTempSinceLastReboot";

UINT sample_pnp_thermostat_report_max_temp_since_last_reboot_property(SAMPLE_PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT *handle, NX_AZURE_IOT_HUB_CLIENT *iothub_client_ptr)
{
UINT reported_properties_length;
UINT status;
UINT response_status;
UINT request_id;
NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_WRITER json_builder;
ULONG reported_property_version;

    // ...

    if ((status = nx_azure_iot_pnp_helper_build_reported_property(handle -> component_name_ptr,
        handle -> component_name_length,
        append_max_temp, (VOID *)handle,
        &json_builder)))
    {
        // ...
    }

    reported_properties_length = nx_azure_iot_json_writer_get_bytes_used(&json_builder);
    if ((status = nx_azure_iot_hub_client_device_twin_reported_properties_send(iothub_client_ptr,
        scratch_buffer,
        reported_properties_length,
        &request_id, &response_status,
        &reported_property_version,
        (5 * NX_IP_PERIODIC_RATE))))
    {
        // ...
    }

    // ...
}

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
    "reported": {
        "thermostat1" : {  
            "__t" : "c",  
            "maxTemperature" : 38.7
        } 
    }
}

可寫入的屬性

這些屬性可由裝置設定，或由後端應用程式更新。若要遵循 IoT 隨插即用慣例，裝置必須通知服務已成功接收屬性。

報告可寫入的屬性

當裝置報告可寫入的屬性時，它必須包含 ack 慣例中定義的值。

若要從預設元件報告可寫入的屬性：

#include "nx_azure_iot_hub_client.h"
#include "nx_azure_iot_json_writer.h"

// ...

static const CHAR reported_temp_property_name[] = "targetTemperature";
static const CHAR reported_value_property_name[] = "value";
static const CHAR reported_status_property_name[] = "ac";
static const CHAR reported_version_property_name[] = "av";
static const CHAR reported_description_property_name[] = "ad";

// ...

static VOID sample_send_target_temperature_report(SAMPLE_CONTEXT *context, double current_device_temp_value,
    UINT status, UINT version, UCHAR *description_ptr,
    UINT description_len)
{
NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_WRITER json_builder;
UINT bytes_copied;
UINT response_status;
UINT request_id;
ULONG reported_property_version;

    // ...

    if (nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_begin_object(&json_builder) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_property_name(&json_builder,
            (UCHAR *)reported_temp_property_name,
            sizeof(reported_temp_property_name) - 1) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_begin_object(&json_builder) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_property_with_double_value(&json_builder,
            (UCHAR *)reported_value_property_name,
            sizeof(reported_value_property_name) - 1,
            current_device_temp_value, DOUBLE_DECIMAL_PLACE_DIGITS) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_property_with_int32_value(&json_builder,
            (UCHAR *)reported_status_property_name,
            sizeof(reported_status_property_name) - 1,
            (int32_t)status) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_property_with_int32_value(&json_builder,
            (UCHAR *)reported_version_property_name,
            sizeof(reported_version_property_name) - 1,
            (int32_t)version) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_property_with_string_value(&json_builder,
            (UCHAR *)reported_description_property_name,
            sizeof(reported_description_property_name) - 1,
            description_ptr, description_len) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_end_object(&json_builder) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_end_object(&json_builder))
    {
        // ...
    }
    else
    // ...
}

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "success"
      }
  }
}

若要從巢狀元件報告可寫入的屬性，對應項必須包含標記，而且必須在元件名稱內建立屬性。在下列代碼段中， component_name_ptr 是元件的名稱，例如 thermostat1。 nx_azure_iot_pnp_helpers.h 中定義的協助程式函nx_azure_iot_pnp_helper_build_reported_property_with_status式會建立報告的屬性承載：

#include "nx_azure_iot_pnp_helpers.h"

// ...

static VOID sample_send_target_temperature_report(SAMPLE_PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT *handle,
    NX_AZURE_IOT_HUB_CLIENT *iothub_client_ptr, double temp,
    INT status_code, UINT version, const CHAR *description)
{
UINT bytes_copied;
UINT response_status;
UINT request_id;
NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_WRITER json_writer;
ULONG reported_property_version;

    // ...

    if (nx_azure_iot_pnp_helper_build_reported_property_with_status(handle -> component_name_ptr, handle -> component_name_length,
        (UCHAR *)target_temp_property_name,
        sizeof(target_temp_property_name) - 1,
        append_temp, (VOID *)&temp, status_code,
        (UCHAR *)description,
        strlen(description), version, &json_writer))
    {
        // ...
    }
    else
    {
        // ...
    }

    // ...
}

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1": {
      "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "success"
      }
    }
  }
}

服務可以更新在連線裝置上觸發通知的所需屬性。此通知包含更新所需的屬性和識別更新的版本號碼。裝置必須在傳回給服務的訊息中包含 ack 此版本號碼。

預設元件會看到單一屬性，並使用收到的版本建立報告 ack ：

#include "nx_azure_iot_hub_client.h"
#include "nx_azure_iot_json_writer.h"

// ...

static const CHAR temp_response_description[] = "success";

// ...

static UINT sample_parse_desired_temp_property(SAMPLE_CONTEXT *context,
    NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_READER *json_reader_ptr,
    UINT is_partial)
{
double parsed_value;
UINT version;
NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_READER copy_json_reader;
UINT status;

    // ...

    copy_json_reader = *json_reader_ptr;
    if (sample_json_child_token_move(&copy_json_reader,
            (UCHAR *)desired_version_property_name,
            sizeof(desired_version_property_name) - 1) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_reader_token_int32_get(&copy_json_reader, (int32_t *)&version))
    {
        // ...
    }

    // ...

    sample_send_target_temperature_report(context, current_device_temp, 200,
        (UINT)version, (UCHAR *)temp_response_description,
        sizeof(temp_response_description) - 1);

    // ...
}

巢狀元件會接收以元件名稱包裝的所需屬性，並使用收到的版本建立報告 ack ：

#include "nx_azure_iot_pnp_helpers.h"

// ...

static const CHAR target_temp_property_name[] = "targetTemperature";
static const CHAR temp_response_description_success[] = "success";
static const CHAR temp_response_description_failed[] = "failed";

// ...

UINT sample_pnp_thermostat_process_property_update(SAMPLE_PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT *handle,
    NX_AZURE_IOT_HUB_CLIENT *iothub_client_ptr,
    UCHAR *component_name_ptr, UINT component_name_length,
    UCHAR *property_name_ptr, UINT property_name_length,
    NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_READER *property_value_reader_ptr, UINT version)
{
double parsed_value = 0;
INT status_code;
const CHAR *description;

    // ...

    if (property_name_length != (sizeof(target_temp_property_name) - 1) ||
        strncmp((CHAR *)property_name_ptr, (CHAR *)target_temp_property_name, property_name_length) != 0)
    {
        // ...
    }
    else if (nx_azure_iot_json_reader_token_double_get(property_value_reader_ptr, &parsed_value))
    {
        status_code = 401;
        description = temp_response_description_failed;
    }
    else
    {
        status_code = 200;
        description = temp_response_description_success;

        // ...
    }

    sample_send_target_temperature_report(handle, iothub_client_ptr, parsed_value,
                                          status_code, version, description);

    // ...
}

巢狀元件的裝置對應項會顯示所需的和回報區段，如下所示：

{
  "desired" : {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
        "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    }
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "success"
      }
    }
  }
}

命令

默認元件會接收由服務叫用的命令名稱。

巢狀元件會接收前面加上元件名稱和分隔符的 * 命令名稱。在下列代碼段中，nx_azure_iot_pnp_helpers.h 中定義的協助程式函nx_azure_iot_pnp_helper_command_name_parse式會從裝置從服務接收的訊息中剖析元件名稱和命令名稱：

#include "nx_azure_iot_hub_client.h"
#include "nx_azure_iot_pnp_helpers.h"

// ...

static VOID sample_direct_method_action(SAMPLE_CONTEXT *sample_context_ptr)
{
NX_PACKET *packet_ptr;
UINT status;
USHORT method_name_length;
const UCHAR *method_name_ptr;
USHORT context_length;
VOID *context_ptr;
UINT component_name_length;
const UCHAR *component_name_ptr;
UINT pnp_command_name_length;
const UCHAR *pnp_command_name_ptr;
NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_WRITER json_writer;
NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_READER json_reader;
NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_READER *json_reader_ptr;
UINT status_code;
UINT response_length;

    // ...

    if ((status = nx_azure_iot_hub_client_direct_method_message_receive(&(sample_context_ptr -> iothub_client),
        &method_name_ptr, &method_name_length,
        &context_ptr, &context_length,
        &packet_ptr, NX_WAIT_FOREVER)))
    {
        // ...
    }

    // ...

    if ((status = nx_azure_iot_pnp_helper_command_name_parse(method_name_ptr, method_name_length,
        &component_name_ptr, &component_name_length,
        &pnp_command_name_ptr,
        &pnp_command_name_length)) != NX_AZURE_IOT_SUCCESS)
    {
        // ...
    }
    
    // ...

    else
    {
        // ...

        if ((status = sample_pnp_thermostat_process_command(&sample_thermostat_1, component_name_ptr,
            component_name_length, pnp_command_name_ptr,
            pnp_command_name_length, json_reader_ptr,
            &json_writer, &status_code)) == NX_AZURE_IOT_SUCCESS)
        {
            // ...
        }
        else if ((status = sample_pnp_thermostat_process_command(&sample_thermostat_2, component_name_ptr,
            component_name_length, pnp_command_name_ptr,
            pnp_command_name_length, json_reader_ptr,
            &json_writer, &status_code)) == NX_AZURE_IOT_SUCCESS)
        {
            // ...
        }
        else if((status = sample_pnp_temp_controller_process_command(component_name_ptr, component_name_length,
            pnp_command_name_ptr, pnp_command_name_length,
            json_reader_ptr, &json_writer,
            &status_code)) == NX_AZURE_IOT_SUCCESS)
        {
            // ...
        }
        else
        {
            printf("Failed to find any handler for method %.*s\r\n", method_name_length, method_name_ptr);
            status_code = SAMPLE_COMMAND_NOT_FOUND_STATUS;
            response_length = 0;
        }

        // ...
    }
}

要求和響應承載

命令會使用類型來定義其要求和響應承載。裝置必須還原串行化傳入輸入參數，並串行化回應。

下列範例示範如何使用裝載中定義的複雜類型來實作命令：

{
  "@type": "Command",
  "name": "getMaxMinReport",
  "displayName": "Get Max-Min report.",
  "description": "This command returns the max, min and average temperature from the specified time to the current time.",
  "request": {
    "name": "since",
    "displayName": "Since",
    "description": "Period to return the max-min report.",
    "schema": "dateTime"
  },
  "response": {
    "name" : "tempReport",
    "displayName": "Temperature Report",
    "schema": {
      "@type": "Object",
      "fields": [
        {
          "name": "maxTemp",
          "displayName": "Max temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name": "minTemp",
          "displayName": "Min temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "avgTemp",
          "displayName": "Average Temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "startTime",
          "displayName": "Start Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        },
        {
          "name" : "endTime",
          "displayName": "End Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

下列代碼段顯示裝置如何實作此命令定義，包括用來啟用串行化和還原串行化的型別：

#include "nx_azure_iot_pnp_helpers.h"

// ...

static const CHAR report_max_temp_name[] = "maxTemp";
static const CHAR report_min_temp_name[] = "minTemp";
static const CHAR report_avg_temp_name[] = "avgTemp";
static const CHAR report_start_time_name[] = "startTime";
static const CHAR report_end_time_name[] = "endTime";
static const CHAR fake_start_report_time[] = "2020-01-10T10:00:00Z";
static const CHAR fake_end_report_time[] = "2023-01-10T10:00:00Z";

// ...

static UINT sample_get_maxmin_report(SAMPLE_PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT *handle,
    NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_READER *json_reader_ptr,
    NX_AZURE_IOT_JSON_WRITER *out_json_builder_ptr)
{
UINT status;
UCHAR *start_time = (UCHAR *)fake_start_report_time;
UINT start_time_len = sizeof(fake_start_report_time) - 1;
UCHAR time_buf[32];

    // ...

    /* Build the method response payload */
    if (nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_begin_object(out_json_builder_ptr) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_property_with_double_value(out_json_builder_ptr,
            (UCHAR *)report_max_temp_name,
            sizeof(report_max_temp_name) - 1,
            handle -> maxTemperature,
            DOUBLE_DECIMAL_PLACE_DIGITS) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_property_with_double_value(out_json_builder_ptr,
            (UCHAR *)report_min_temp_name,
            sizeof(report_min_temp_name) - 1,
            handle -> minTemperature,
            DOUBLE_DECIMAL_PLACE_DIGITS) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_property_with_double_value(out_json_builder_ptr,
            (UCHAR *)report_avg_temp_name,
            sizeof(report_avg_temp_name) - 1,
            handle -> avgTemperature,
            DOUBLE_DECIMAL_PLACE_DIGITS) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_property_with_string_value(out_json_builder_ptr,
            (UCHAR *)report_start_time_name,
            sizeof(report_start_time_name) - 1,
            (UCHAR *)start_time, start_time_len) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_property_with_string_value(out_json_builder_ptr,
            (UCHAR *)report_end_time_name,
            sizeof(report_end_time_name) - 1,
            (UCHAR *)fake_end_report_time,
            sizeof(fake_end_report_time) - 1) ||
        nx_azure_iot_json_writer_append_end_object(out_json_builder_ptr))
    {
        status = NX_NOT_SUCCESSFUL;
    }
    else
    {
        status = NX_AZURE_IOT_SUCCESS;
    }

    return(status);
}

提示

要求和回應名稱不存在於透過網路傳輸的串行化承載中。

模型標識碼公告

若要宣告模型標識碼，裝置必須將其包含在連線資訊中：

DeviceClient.CreateFromConnectionString(
  connectionString,
  TransportType.Mqtt,
  new ClientOptions() { ModelId = modelId })

新的 ClientOptions 多載可用於初始化連接的所有 DeviceClient 方法。

提示

針對模組和 IoT Edge 請使用 ModuleClient 取代 DeviceClient。

提示

這是裝置唯一可以設定模型標識碼的時間，裝置連線之後就無法更新。

DPS 承載

使用裝置佈建服務（DPS）的裝置，可以使用下列 JSON 承載，在modelId佈建程式期間包含要使用的：

{
    "modelId" : "dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1"
}

使用元件

如瞭解 IoT 隨插即用模型中的元件中所述，您必須決定是否要使用元件來描述您的裝置。當您使用元件時，裝置必須遵循下列各節中所述的規則。

遙測

默認元件不需要新增至遙測訊息的任何特殊屬性。

當您使用巢狀元件時，裝置必須使用元件名稱來設定訊息屬性：

public async Task SendComponentTelemetryValueAsync(string componentName, string serializedTelemetry)
{
  var message = new Message(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(serializedTelemetry));
  message.ComponentName = componentName;
  message.ContentType = "application/json";
  message.ContentEncoding = "utf-8";
  await client.SendEventAsync(message);
}

唯讀屬性

從預設元件報告屬性並不需要任何特殊的建構：

TwinCollection reportedProperties = new TwinCollection();
reportedProperties["maxTemperature"] = 38.7;
await client.UpdateReportedPropertiesAsync(reportedProperties);

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
      "maxTemperature" : 38.7
  }
}

當您使用巢狀元件時，請在元件名稱內建立屬性，並包含標記：

TwinCollection reportedProperties = new TwinCollection();
TwinCollection component = new TwinCollection();
component["maxTemperature"] = 38.7;
component["__t"] = "c"; // marker to identify a component
reportedProperties["thermostat1"] = component;
await client.UpdateReportedPropertiesAsync(reportedProperties);

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {  
      "__t" : "c",  
      "maxTemperature" : 38.7
     } 
  }
}

可寫入的屬性

如果屬性類型為 Object，則服務必須將完整的物件傳送至裝置，即使它只會更新物件的字段子集。裝置傳送的通知也必須是完整的物件。

報告可寫入的屬性

當裝置報告可寫入的屬性時，它必須包含 ack 慣例中定義的值。

若要從預設元件報告可寫入的屬性：

TwinCollection reportedProperties = new TwinCollection();
TwinCollection ackProps = new TwinCollection();
ackProps["value"] = 23.2;
ackProps["ac"] = 200; // using HTTP status codes
ackProps["av"] = 0; // not readed from a desired property
ackProps["ad"] = "reported default value";
reportedProperties["targetTemperature"] = ackProps;
await client.UpdateReportedPropertiesAsync(reportedProperties);

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
  }
}

若要從巢狀元件報告可寫入的屬性，對應項必須包含標記：

TwinCollection reportedProperties = new TwinCollection();
TwinCollection component = new TwinCollection();
TwinCollection ackProps = new TwinCollection();
component["__t"] = "c"; // marker to identify a component
ackProps["value"] = 23.2;
ackProps["ac"] = 200; // using HTTP status codes
ackProps["av"] = 0; // not read from a desired property
ackProps["ad"] = "reported default value";
component["targetTemperature"] = ackProps;
reportedProperties["thermostat1"] = component;
await client.UpdateReportedPropertiesAsync(reportedProperties);

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1": {
      "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

預設元件會看到單一屬性，並使用收到的版本建立報告 ack ：

await client.SetDesiredPropertyUpdateCallbackAsync(async (desired, ctx) => 
{
  JValue targetTempJson = desired["targetTemperature"];
  double targetTemperature = targetTempJson.Value<double>();

  TwinCollection reportedProperties = new TwinCollection();
  TwinCollection ackProps = new TwinCollection();
  ackProps["value"] = targetTemperature;
  ackProps["ac"] = 200;
  ackProps["av"] = desired.Version; 
  ackProps["ad"] = "desired property received";
  reportedProperties["targetTemperature"] = ackProps;

  await client.UpdateReportedPropertiesAsync(reportedProperties);
}, null);

巢狀元件的裝置對應項會顯示所需的和回報區段，如下所示：

{
  "desired" : {
    "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
  }
}

巢狀元件會接收以元件名稱包裝的所需屬性，而且應該回報 ack 報告屬性：

await client.SetDesiredPropertyUpdateCallbackAsync(async (desired, ctx) =>
{
  JObject thermostatComponent = desired["thermostat1"];
  JToken targetTempProp = thermostatComponent["targetTemperature"];
  double targetTemperature = targetTempProp.Value<double>();

  TwinCollection reportedProperties = new TwinCollection();
  TwinCollection component = new TwinCollection();
  TwinCollection ackProps = new TwinCollection();
  component["__t"] = "c"; // marker to identify a component
  ackProps["value"] = targetTemperature;
  ackProps["ac"] = 200; // using HTTP status codes
  ackProps["av"] = desired.Version; // not readed from a desired property
  ackProps["ad"] = "desired property received";
  component["targetTemperature"] = ackProps;
  reportedProperties["thermostat1"] = component;

  await client.UpdateReportedPropertiesAsync(reportedProperties);
}, null);

巢狀元件的裝置對應項會顯示所需的和回報區段，如下所示：

{
  "desired" : {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
        "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    }
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

命令

默認元件會接收由服務叫用的命令名稱。

巢狀元件會接收前面加上元件名稱和分隔符的 * 命令名稱。

await client.SetMethodHandlerAsync("themostat*reboot", (MethodRequest req, object ctx) =>
{
  Console.WriteLine("REBOOT");
  return Task.FromResult(new MethodResponse(200));
},
null);

要求和響應承載

命令會使用類型來定義其要求和響應承載。裝置必須還原串行化傳入輸入參數，並串行化回應。

下列範例示範如何使用裝載中定義的複雜類型來實作命令：

{
  "@type": "Command",
  "name": "start",
  "request": {
    "name": "startRequest",
    "schema": {
      "@type": "Object",
      "fields": [
        {
          "name": "startPriority",
          "schema": "integer"
        },
        {
          "name": "startMessage",
          "schema" : "string"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "response": {
    "name": "startReponse",
    "schema": {
      "@type": "Object",
      "fields": [
        {
            "name": "startupTime",
            "schema": "integer" 
        },
        {
          "name": "startupMessage",
          "schema": "string"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

下列代碼段顯示裝置如何實作此命令定義，包括用來啟用串行化和還原串行化的型別：

class startRequest
{
  public int startPriority { get; set; }
  public string startMessage { get; set; }
}

class startResponse
{
  public int startupTime { get; set; }
  public string startupMessage { get; set; }
}

// ... 

await client.SetMethodHandlerAsync("start", (MethodRequest req, object ctx) =>
{
  var startRequest = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<startRequest>(req.DataAsJson);
  Console.WriteLine($"Received start command with priority ${startRequest.startPriority} and ${startRequest.startMessage}");

  var startResponse = new startResponse
  {
    startupTime = 123,
    startupMessage = "device started with message " + startRequest.startMessage
  };

  string responsePayload = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(startResponse);
  MethodResponse response = new MethodResponse(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responsePayload), 200);
  return Task.FromResult(response);
},null);

提示

要求和回應名稱不存在於透過網路傳輸的串行化承載中。

模型標識碼公告

若要宣告模型標識碼，裝置必須將其包含在連線資訊中：

ClientOptions options = new ClientOptions();
options.setModelId(MODEL_ID);
deviceClient = new DeviceClient(deviceConnectionString, protocol, options);

多 ClientOptions 載可用於初始化連接的所有 DeviceClient 方法。

提示

針對模組和 IoT Edge 請使用 ModuleClient 取代 DeviceClient。

提示

這是裝置唯一可以設定模型標識碼的時間，裝置連線之後就無法更新。

DPS 承載

使用裝置佈建服務（DPS）的裝置，可以使用下列 JSON 承載，包含在modelId佈建程式期間要使用的。

{
    "modelId" : "dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1"
}

使用元件

如瞭解 IoT 隨插即用模型中的元件中所述，您應該決定是否要使用元件來描述您的裝置。當您使用元件時，裝置必須遵循下列各節中所述的規則。

遙測

默認元件不需要新增至遙測訊息的任何特殊屬性。

當您使用巢狀元件時，裝置必須使用元件名稱來設定訊息屬性：

private static void sendTemperatureTelemetry(String componentName) {
  double currentTemperature = temperature.get(componentName);

  Map<String, Object> payload = singletonMap("temperature", currentTemperature);

  Message message = new Message(gson.toJson(payload));
  message.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
  message.setContentTypeFinal("application/json");

  if (componentName != null) {
      message.setProperty("$.sub", componentName);
  }
  deviceClient.sendEventAsync(message, new MessageIotHubEventCallback(), message);
}

唯讀屬性

從預設元件報告屬性並不需要任何特殊的建構：

Property reportedProperty = new Property("maxTempSinceLastReboot", 38.7);

deviceClient.sendReportedProperties(Collections.singleton(reportedProperty));

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
      "maxTempSinceLastReboot" : 38.7
  }
}

當您使用巢狀元件時，請在元件名稱內建立屬性，並包含標記：

Map<String, Object> componentProperty = new HashMap<String, Object>() {{
    put("__t", "c");
    put("maxTemperature", 38.7);
}};

Set<Property> reportedProperty = new Property("thermostat1", componentProperty)

deviceClient.sendReportedProperties(reportedProperty);

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {  
      "__t" : "c",  
      "maxTemperature" : 38.7
     }
  }
}

可寫入的屬性

如果屬性類型為 Object，則服務必須將完整的物件傳送至裝置，即使它只會更新物件的字段子集。裝置傳送的通知也必須是完整的物件。

報告可寫入的屬性

當裝置報告可寫入的屬性時，它必須包含 ack 慣例中定義的值。

若要從預設元件報告可寫入的屬性：

@AllArgsConstructor
private static class EmbeddedPropertyUpdate {
  @NonNull
  @SerializedName("value")
  public Object value;
  @NonNull
  @SerializedName("ac")
  public Integer ackCode;
  @NonNull
  @SerializedName("av")
  public Integer ackVersion;
  @SerializedName("ad")
  public String ackDescription;
}

EmbeddedPropertyUpdate completedUpdate = new EmbeddedPropertyUpdate(23.2, 200, 3, "Successfully updated target temperature");
Property reportedPropertyCompleted = new Property("targetTemperature", completedUpdate);
deviceClient.sendReportedProperties(Collections.singleton(reportedPropertyCompleted));

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "Successfully updated target temperature"
      }
  }
}

若要從巢狀元件報告可寫入的屬性，對應項必須包含標記：

Map<String, Object> embeddedProperty = new HashMap<String, Object>() {{
    put("value", 23.2);
    put("ac", 200);
    put("av", 3);
    put("ad", "complete");
}};

Map<String, Object> componentProperty = new HashMap<String, Object>() {{
    put("__t", "c");
    put("targetTemperature", embeddedProperty);
}};

Set<Property> reportedProperty = new Property("thermostat1", componentProperty));

deviceClient.sendReportedProperties(reportedProperty);

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1": {
      "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

預設元件會看到單一屬性，並使用收到的版本建立報告 ack ：

private static class TargetTemperatureUpdateCallback implements TwinPropertyCallBack {

    String propertyName = "targetTemperature";

    @Override
    public void TwinPropertyCallBack(Property property, Object context) {
        double targetTemperature = ((Number)property.getValue()).doubleValue();

        EmbeddedPropertyUpdate completedUpdate = new EmbeddedPropertyUpdate(temperature, 200, property.getVersion(), "Successfully updated target temperature");
        Property reportedPropertyCompleted = new Property(propertyName, completedUpdate);
        deviceClient.sendReportedProperties(Collections.singleton(reportedPropertyCompleted));
    }
}

// ...

deviceClient.startDeviceTwin(new TwinIotHubEventCallback(), null, new TargetTemperatureUpdateCallback(), null);
Map<Property, Pair<TwinPropertyCallBack, Object>> desiredPropertyUpdateCallback =
  Collections.singletonMap(
    new Property("targetTemperature", null),
    new Pair<>(new TargetTemperatureUpdateCallback(), null));
deviceClient.subscribeToTwinDesiredProperties(desiredPropertyUpdateCallback);

巢狀元件的裝置對應項會顯示所需的和回報區段，如下所示：

{
  "desired" : {
    "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "Successfully updated target temperature"
      }
  }
}

巢狀元件會接收以元件名稱包裝的所需屬性，而且應該回報 ack 報告屬性：

private static final Map<String, Double> temperature = new HashMap<>();

private static class TargetTemperatureUpdateCallback implements TwinPropertyCallBack {

    String propertyName = "targetTemperature";

    @Override
    public void TwinPropertyCallBack(Property property, Object context) {
        String componentName = (String) context;

        if (property.getKey().equalsIgnoreCase(componentName)) {
            double targetTemperature = (double) ((TwinCollection) property.getValue()).get(propertyName);

            Map<String, Object> embeddedProperty = new HashMap<String, Object>() {{
                put("value", temperature.get(componentName));
                put("ac", 200);
                put("av", property.getVersion().longValue());
                put("ad", "Successfully updated target temperature.");
            }};

            Map<String, Object> componentProperty = new HashMap<String, Object>() {{
                put("__t", "c");
                put(propertyName, embeddedProperty);
            }};

            Set<Property> completedPropertyPatch = new Property(componentName, componentProperty));

            deviceClient.sendReportedProperties(completedPropertyPatch);
        } else {
            log.debug("Property: Received an unrecognized property update from service.");
        }
    }
}

// ...

deviceClient.startDeviceTwin(new TwinIotHubEventCallback(), null, new GenericPropertyUpdateCallback(), null);
Map<Property, Pair<TwinPropertyCallBack, Object>> desiredPropertyUpdateCallback = Stream.of(
  new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Property, Pair<TwinPropertyCallBack, Object>>(
    new Property("thermostat1", null),
    new Pair<>(new TargetTemperatureUpdateCallback(), "thermostat1")),
  new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Property, Pair<TwinPropertyCallBack, Object>>(
    new Property("thermostat2", null),
    new Pair<>(new TargetTemperatureUpdateCallback(), "thermostat2"))
).collect(Collectors.toMap(AbstractMap.SimpleEntry::getKey, AbstractMap.SimpleEntry::getValue));

deviceClient.subscribeToTwinDesiredProperties(desiredPropertyUpdateCallback);

巢狀元件的裝置對應項會顯示所需的和回報區段，如下所示：

{
  "desired" : {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
        "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    }
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

命令

默認元件會接收由服務叫用的命令名稱。

巢狀元件會接收前面加上元件名稱和分隔符的 * 命令名稱。

deviceClient.subscribeToDeviceMethod(new MethodCallback(), null, new MethodIotHubEventCallback(), null);

// ...
private static final Map<String, Double> temperature = new HashMap<>();

private static class MethodCallback implements DeviceMethodCallback {
  final String reboot = "reboot";
  final String getMaxMinReport1 = "thermostat1*getMaxMinReport";
  final String getMaxMinReport2 = "thermostat2*getMaxMinReport";

  @Override
  public DeviceMethodData call(String methodName, Object methodData, Object context) {
    String jsonRequest = new String((byte[]) methodData, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

    switch (methodName) {
      case reboot:
        int delay = gson.fromJson(jsonRequest, Integer.class);

        Thread.sleep(delay * 1000);

        temperature.put("thermostat1", 0.0d);
        temperature.put("thermostat2", 0.0d);

        return new DeviceMethodData(200, null);

      // ...

      default:
        log.debug("Command: command=\"{}\" is not implemented, no action taken.", methodName);
          return new DeviceMethodData(404, null);
    }
  }
}

要求和響應承載

命令會使用類型來定義其要求和響應承載。裝置必須還原串行化傳入輸入參數，並串行化回應。

下列範例示範如何使用裝載中定義的複雜類型來實作命令：

{
  "@type": "Command",
  "name": "getMaxMinReport",
  "displayName": "Get Max-Min report.",
  "description": "This command returns the max, min and average temperature from the specified time to the current time.",
  "request": {
    "name": "since",
    "displayName": "Since",
    "description": "Period to return the max-min report.",
    "schema": "dateTime"
  },
  "response": {
    "name" : "tempReport",
    "displayName": "Temperature Report",
    "schema": {
      "@type": "Object",
      "fields": [
        {
          "name": "maxTemp",
          "displayName": "Max temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name": "minTemp",
          "displayName": "Min temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "avgTemp",
          "displayName": "Average Temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "startTime",
          "displayName": "Start Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        },
        {
          "name" : "endTime",
          "displayName": "End Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

下列代碼段顯示裝置如何實作此命令定義，包括用來啟用串行化和還原串行化的型別：

deviceClient.subscribeToDeviceMethod(new GetMaxMinReportMethodCallback(), "getMaxMinReport", new MethodIotHubEventCallback(), "getMaxMinReport");

// ...

private static class GetMaxMinReportMethodCallback implements DeviceMethodCallback {
    String commandName = "getMaxMinReport";

    @Override
    public DeviceMethodData call(String methodName, Object methodData, Object context) {

        String jsonRequest = new String((byte[]) methodData, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        Date since = gson.fromJson(jsonRequest, Date.class);

        String responsePayload = String.format(
                "{\"maxTemp\": %.1f, \"minTemp\": %.1f, \"avgTemp\": %.1f, \"startTime\": \"%s\", \"endTime\": \"%s\"}",
                maxTemp,
                minTemp,
                avgTemp,
                since,
                endTime);

        return new DeviceMethodData(StatusCode.COMPLETED.value, responsePayload);
    }
}

提示

要求和回應名稱不存在於透過網路傳輸的串行化承載中。

模型標識碼公告

若要宣告模型標識碼，裝置必須將其包含在連線資訊中：

const modelIdObject = { modelId: 'dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1' };
const client = Client.fromConnectionString(deviceConnectionString, Protocol);
await client.setOptions(modelIdObject);
await client.open();

提示

針對模組和 IoT Edge 請使用 ModuleClient 取代 Client。

提示

這是裝置唯一可以設定模型標識碼的時間，裝置連線之後就無法更新。

DPS 承載

使用裝置佈建服務（DPS）的裝置，可以使用下列 JSON 承載，包含在modelId佈建程式期間要使用的。

{
    "modelId" : "dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1"
}

使用元件

如瞭解 IoT 隨插即用模型中的元件中所述，您必須決定是否要使用元件來描述您的裝置。當您使用元件時，裝置必須遵循下列各節中所述的規則。

遙測

默認元件不需要新增至遙測訊息的任何特殊屬性。

當您使用巢狀元件時，裝置必須使用元件名稱來設定訊息屬性：

async function sendTelemetry(deviceClient, data, index, componentName) {
  const msg = new Message(data);
  if (!!(componentName)) {
    msg.properties.add(messageSubjectProperty, componentName);
  }
  msg.contentType = 'application/json';
  msg.contentEncoding = 'utf-8';
  await deviceClient.sendEvent(msg);
}

唯讀屬性

從預設元件報告屬性並不需要任何特殊的建構：

const createReportPropPatch = (propertiesToReport) => {
  let patch;
  patch = { };
  patch = propertiesToReport;
  return patch;
};

deviceTwin = await client.getTwin();
patchThermostat = createReportPropPatch({
  maxTempSinceLastReboot: 38.7
});

deviceTwin.properties.reported.update(patchThermostat, function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
});

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
      "maxTempSinceLastReboot" : 38.7
  }
}

當您使用巢狀元件時，必須在元件名稱內建立屬性，並包含標記：

helperCreateReportedPropertiesPatch = (propertiesToReport, componentName) => {
  let patch;
  if (!!(componentName)) {
    patch = { };
    propertiesToReport.__t = 'c';
    patch[componentName] = propertiesToReport;
  } else {
    patch = { };
    patch = propertiesToReport;
  }
  return patch;
};

deviceTwin = await client.getTwin();
patchThermostat1Info = helperCreateReportedPropertiesPatch({
  maxTempSinceLastReboot: 38.7,
}, 'thermostat1');

deviceTwin.properties.reported.update(patchThermostat1Info, function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
});

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {  
      "__t" : "c",  
      "maxTempSinceLastReboot" : 38.7
     } 
  }
}

可寫入的屬性

這些屬性可由裝置設定，或由後端應用程式更新。如果後端應用程式更新屬性，用戶端會在或 ModuleClient中Client收到回呼通知。若要遵循 IoT 隨插即用慣例，裝置必須通知服務已成功接收屬性。

如果屬性類型為 Object，則服務必須將完整的物件傳送至裝置，即使它只會更新物件的字段子集。裝置傳送的通知也必須是完整的物件。

報告可寫入的屬性

當裝置報告可寫入的屬性時，它必須包含 ack 慣例中定義的值。

若要從預設元件報告可寫入的屬性：

patch = {
  targetTemperature:
    {
      'value': 23.2,
      'ac': 200,  // using HTTP status codes
      'ad': 'reported default value',
      'av': 0  // not read from a desired property
    }
};
deviceTwin.properties.reported.update(patch, function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
});

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "targetTemperature": {
      "value": 23.2,
      "ac": 200,
      "av": 0,
      "ad": "reported default value"
    }
  }
}

若要從巢狀元件報告可寫入的屬性，對應項必須包含標記：

patch = {
  thermostat1: {
    '__t' : 'c',
    targetTemperature: {
      'value': 23.2,
      'ac': 200,  // using HTTP status codes
      'ad': 'reported default value',
      'av': 0  // not read from a desired property
    }
  }
};
deviceTwin.properties.reported.update(patch, function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
});

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1": {
      "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 0,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

預設元件會看到單一屬性，並使用收到的版本建立報告 ack ：

const propertyUpdateHandler = (deviceTwin, propertyName, reportedValue, desiredValue, version) => {
  const patch = createReportPropPatch(
    { [propertyName]:
      {
        'value': desiredValue,
        'ac': 200,
        'ad': 'Successfully executed patch for ' + propertyName,
        'av': version
      }
    });
  updateComponentReportedProperties(deviceTwin, patch);
};

desiredPropertyPatchHandler = (deviceTwin) => {
  deviceTwin.on('properties.desired', (delta) => {
    const versionProperty = delta.$version;

    Object.entries(delta).forEach(([propertyName, propertyValue]) => {
      if (propertyName !== '$version') {
        propertyUpdateHandler(deviceTwin, propertyName, null, propertyValue, versionProperty);
      }
    });
  });
};

巢狀元件的裝置對應項會顯示所需的和回報區段，如下所示：

{
  "desired" : {
    "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
  }
}

巢狀元件會接收以元件名稱包裝的所需屬性，而且應該回報 ack 報告屬性：

const desiredPropertyPatchListener = (deviceTwin, componentNames) => {
  deviceTwin.on('properties.desired', (delta) => {
    Object.entries(delta).forEach(([key, values]) => {
      const version = delta.$version;
      if (!!(componentNames) && componentNames.includes(key)) { // then it is a component we are expecting
        const componentName = key;
        const patchForComponents = { [componentName]: {} };
        Object.entries(values).forEach(([propertyName, propertyValue]) => {
          if (propertyName !== '__t' && propertyName !== '$version') {
            const propertyContent = { value: propertyValue };
            propertyContent.ac = 200;
            propertyContent.ad = 'Successfully executed patch';
            propertyContent.av = version;
            patchForComponents[componentName][propertyName] = propertyContent;
          }
        });
        updateComponentReportedProperties(deviceTwin, patchForComponents, componentName);
      }
      else if  (key !== '$version') { // individual property for root
        const patchForRoot = { };
        const propertyContent = { value: values };
        propertyContent.ac = 200;
        propertyContent.ad = 'Successfully executed patch';
        propertyContent.av = version;
        patchForRoot[key] = propertyContent;
        updateComponentReportedProperties(deviceTwin, patchForRoot, null);
      }
    });
  });
};

元件的裝置對應項會顯示所需和回報的區段，如下所示：

{
  "desired" : {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
        "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    }
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

命令

默認元件會接收由服務叫用的命令名稱。

巢狀元件會接收前面加上元件名稱和分隔符的 * 命令名稱。

const commandHandler = async (request, response) => {
  switch (request.methodName) {
  
  // ...

  case 'thermostat1*reboot': {
    await response.send(200, 'reboot response');
    break;
  }
  default:
    await response.send(404, 'unknown method');
    break;
  }
};

client.onDeviceMethod('thermostat1*reboot', commandHandler);

要求和響應承載

命令會使用類型來定義其要求和響應承載。裝置必須還原串行化傳入輸入參數，並串行化回應。

下列範例示範如何使用裝載中定義的複雜類型來實作命令：

{
  "@type": "Command",
  "name": "getMaxMinReport",
  "displayName": "Get Max-Min report.",
  "description": "This command returns the max, min and average temperature from the specified time to the current time.",
  "request": {
    "name": "since",
    "displayName": "Since",
    "description": "Period to return the max-min report.",
    "schema": "dateTime"
  },
  "response": {
    "name" : "tempReport",
    "displayName": "Temperature Report",
    "schema": {
      "@type": "Object",
      "fields": [
        {
          "name": "maxTemp",
          "displayName": "Max temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name": "minTemp",
          "displayName": "Min temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "avgTemp",
          "displayName": "Average Temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "startTime",
          "displayName": "Start Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        },
        {
          "name" : "endTime",
          "displayName": "End Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

下列代碼段顯示裝置如何實作此命令定義，包括用來啟用串行化和還原串行化的型別：

class TemperatureSensor {

  // ...

  getMaxMinReportObject() {
    return {
      maxTemp: this.maxTemp,
      minTemp: this.minTemp,
      avgTemp: this.cumulativeTemperature / this.numberOfTemperatureReadings,
      endTime: (new Date(Date.now())).toISOString(),
      startTime: this.startTime
    };
  }
}

// ...

const deviceTemperatureSensor = new TemperatureSensor();

const commandHandler = async (request, response) => {
  switch (request.methodName) {
  case commandMaxMinReport: {
    console.log('MaxMinReport ' + request.payload);
    await response.send(200, deviceTemperatureSensor.getMaxMinReportObject());
    break;
  }
  default:
    await response.send(404, 'unknown method');
    break;
  }
};

提示

要求和回應名稱不存在於透過網路傳輸的串行化承載中。

模型標識碼公告

若要宣告模型標識碼，裝置必須將其包含在連線資訊中：

device_client = IoTHubDeviceClient.create_from_symmetric_key(
    symmetric_key=symmetric_key,
    hostname=registration_result.registration_state.assigned_hub,
    device_id=registration_result.registration_state.device_id,
    product_info=model_id,
)

提示

針對模組和 IoT Edge 請使用 IoTHubModuleClient 取代 IoTHubDeviceClient。

提示

這是裝置唯一可以設定模型標識碼的時間，裝置連線之後就無法更新。

DPS 承載

使用裝置佈建服務（DPS）的裝置，可以使用下列 JSON 承載，包含在modelId佈建程式期間要使用的。

{
    "modelId" : "dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1"
}

使用元件

如瞭解 IoT 隨插即用模型中的元件中所述，您必須決定是否要使用元件來描述您的裝置。當您使用元件時，裝置必須遵循下列各節中所述的規則。

遙測

默認元件不需要新增至遙測訊息的任何特殊屬性。

當您使用巢狀元件時，裝置必須使用元件名稱來設定訊息屬性：

async def send_telemetry_from_temp_controller(device_client, telemetry_msg, component_name=None):
    msg = Message(json.dumps(telemetry_msg))
    msg.content_encoding = "utf-8"
    msg.content_type = "application/json"
    if component_name:
        msg.custom_properties["$.sub"] = component_name
    await device_client.send_message(msg)

唯讀屬性

從預設元件報告屬性並不需要任何特殊的建構：

await device_client.patch_twin_reported_properties({"maxTempSinceLastReboot": 38.7})

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
      "maxTempSinceLastReboot" : 38.7
  }
}

使用巢狀元件時，必須在元件名稱內建立屬性，並包含標記：

inner_dict = {}
inner_dict["targetTemperature"] = 38.7
inner_dict["__t"] = "c"
prop_dict = {}
prop_dict["thermostat1"] = inner_dict

await device_client.patch_twin_reported_properties(prop_dict)

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {  
      "__t" : "c",  
      "maxTempSinceLastReboot" : 38.7
     }
  }
}

可寫入的屬性

這些屬性可由裝置設定，或由後端應用程式更新。如果後端應用程式更新屬性，用戶端會在或 IoTHubModuleClient中IoTHubDeviceClient收到回呼通知。若要遵循 IoT 隨插即用慣例，裝置必須通知服務已成功接收屬性。

如果屬性類型為 Object，則服務必須將完整的物件傳送至裝置，即使它只會更新物件的字段子集。裝置傳送的通知也必須是完整的物件。

報告可寫入的屬性

當裝置報告可寫入的屬性時，它必須包含 ack 慣例中定義的值。

若要從預設元件報告可寫入的屬性：

prop_dict = {}
prop_dict["targetTemperature"] = {
    "ac": 200,
    "ad": "reported default value",
    "av": 0,
    "value": 23.2
}

await device_client.patch_twin_reported_properties(prop_dict)

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "targetTemperature": {
      "value": 23.2,
      "ac": 200,
      "av": 0,
      "ad": "reported default value"
    }
  }
}

若要從巢狀元件報告可寫入的屬性，對應項必須包含標記：

inner_dict = {}
inner_dict["targetTemperature"] = {
    "ac": 200,
    "ad": "reported default value",
    "av": 0,
    "value": 23.2
}
inner_dict["__t"] = "c"
prop_dict = {}
prop_dict["thermostat1"] = inner_dict

await device_client.patch_twin_reported_properties(prop_dict)

裝置對應項會更新為下列報告屬性：

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1": {
      "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 0,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

預設元件會看到單一屬性，並使用收到的版本建立報告 ack ：

async def execute_property_listener(device_client):
    ignore_keys = ["__t", "$version"]
    while True:
        patch = await device_client.receive_twin_desired_properties_patch()  # blocking call

        version = patch["$version"]
        prop_dict = {}

        for prop_name, prop_value in patch.items():
            if prop_name in ignore_keys:
                continue
            else:
                prop_dict[prop_name] = {
                    "ac": 200,
                    "ad": "Successfully executed patch",
                    "av": version,
                    "value": prop_value,
                }

        await device_client.patch_twin_reported_properties(prop_dict)

巢狀元件的裝置對應項會顯示所需的和回報區段，如下所示：

{
  "desired" : {
    "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
  }
}

巢狀元件會接收以元件名稱包裝的所需屬性，而且應該回報 ack 報告屬性：

def create_reported_properties_from_desired(patch):
    ignore_keys = ["__t", "$version"]
    component_prefix = list(patch.keys())[0]
    values = patch[component_prefix]

    version = patch["$version"]
    inner_dict = {}

    for prop_name, prop_value in values.items():
        if prop_name in ignore_keys:
            continue
        else:
            inner_dict["ac"] = 200
            inner_dict["ad"] = "Successfully executed patch"
            inner_dict["av"] = version
            inner_dict["value"] = prop_value
            values[prop_name] = inner_dict

    properties_dict = dict()
    if component_prefix:
        properties_dict[component_prefix] = values
    else:
        properties_dict = values

    return properties_dict

async def execute_property_listener(device_client):
    while True:
        patch = await device_client.receive_twin_desired_properties_patch()  # blocking call
        properties_dict = create_reported_properties_from_desired(patch)

        await device_client.patch_twin_reported_properties(properties_dict)

元件的裝置對應項會顯示所需和回報的區段，如下所示：

{
  "desired" : {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
        "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    }
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

命令

默認元件會接收由服務叫用的命令名稱。

巢狀元件會接收前面加上元件名稱和分隔符的 * 命令名稱。

command_request = await device_client.receive_method_request("thermostat1*reboot")

要求和響應承載

命令會使用類型來定義其要求和響應承載。裝置必須還原串行化傳入輸入參數，並串行化回應。

下列範例示範如何使用裝載中定義的複雜類型來實作命令：

{
  "@type": "Command",
  "name": "getMaxMinReport",
  "displayName": "Get Max-Min report.",
  "description": "This command returns the max, min and average temperature from the specified time to the current time.",
  "request": {
    "name": "since",
    "displayName": "Since",
    "description": "Period to return the max-min report.",
    "schema": "dateTime"
  },
  "response": {
    "name" : "tempReport",
    "displayName": "Temperature Report",
    "schema": {
      "@type": "Object",
      "fields": [
        {
          "name": "maxTemp",
          "displayName": "Max temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name": "minTemp",
          "displayName": "Min temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "avgTemp",
          "displayName": "Average Temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "startTime",
          "displayName": "Start Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        },
        {
          "name" : "endTime",
          "displayName": "End Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

下列代碼段顯示裝置如何實作此命令定義，包括用來啟用串行化和還原串行化的型別：

def create_max_min_report_response(values):
    response_dict = {
        "maxTemp": max_temp,
        "minTemp": min_temp,
        "avgTemp": sum(avg_temp_list) / moving_window_size,
        "startTime": (datetime.now() - timedelta(0, moving_window_size * 8)).isoformat(),
        "endTime": datetime.now().isoformat(),
    }
    # serialize response dictionary into a JSON formatted str
    response_payload = json.dumps(response_dict, default=lambda o: o.__dict__, sort_keys=True)
    return response_payload

提示

要求和回應名稱不存在於透過網路傳輸的串行化承載中。

下一步

既然您已瞭解 IoT 隨插即用裝置開發，以下是一些其他資源：

IoT 隨插即用 裝置開發人員指南

模型標識碼公告

DPS 承載

使用元件

遙測

唯讀屬性

可寫入的屬性

報告可寫入的屬性

訂閱所需的屬性更新

命令

要求和響應承載

SDK

模型標識碼公告

DPS 承載

使用元件

遙測

唯讀屬性

可寫入的屬性

報告可寫入的屬性

訂閱所需的屬性更新

命令

要求和響應承載

模型標識碼公告

DPS 承載

使用元件

遙測

唯讀屬性

可寫入的屬性

報告可寫入的屬性

訂閱所需的屬性更新

命令

要求和響應承載

模型標識碼公告

DPS 承載

使用元件

遙測

唯讀屬性

可寫入的屬性

報告可寫入的屬性

訂閱所需的屬性更新

命令

要求和響應承載

模型標識碼公告

DPS 承載

使用元件

遙測

唯讀屬性

可寫入的屬性

報告可寫入的屬性

訂閱所需的屬性更新

命令

要求和響應承載

模型標識碼公告

DPS 承載

使用元件

遙測

唯讀屬性

可寫入的屬性

報告可寫入的屬性

訂閱所需的屬性更新

命令

要求和響應承載

下一步

其他資源

IoT 隨插即用裝置開發人員指南