BufferedStream 類別

定義

命名空間:

System.IO

組件:

System.Runtime.dll

來源:

BufferedStream.cs

將緩衝層新增至另一個數據流的讀取和寫入作業。 無法繼承這個類別。

public ref class BufferedStream sealed : System::IO::Stream

public sealed class BufferedStream : System.IO.Stream

type BufferedStream = class
    inherit Stream

Public NotInheritable Class BufferedStream
Inherits Stream

繼承

Object

MarshalByRefObject

Stream

BufferedStream

範例

下列程式代碼範例示範如何在 NetworkStream 類別上使用 BufferedStream 類別，以提高特定 I/O 作業的效能。 啟動用戶端之前，請先在遠端電腦上啟動伺服器。 啟動用戶端時，將遠端電腦名稱指定為命令行自變數。 變更 dataArraySize 和 streamBufferSize 常數，以檢視其對效能的影響。

第一個範例會顯示在用戶端上執行的程式代碼，第二個範例會顯示在伺服器上執行的程序代碼。

範例 1：在用戶端上執行的程式代碼

#using <system.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Globalization;
using namespace System::Net;
using namespace System::Net::Sockets;
static const int streamBufferSize = 1000;
public ref class Client
{
private:
   literal int dataArraySize = 100;
   literal int numberOfLoops = 10000;
   Client(){}


public:
   static void ReceiveData( Stream^ netStream, Stream^ bufStream )
   {
      DateTime startTime;
      Double networkTime;
      Double bufferedTime = 0;
      int bytesReceived = 0;
      array<Byte>^receivedData = gcnew array<Byte>(dataArraySize);
      
      // Receive data using the NetworkStream.
      Console::WriteLine( "Receiving data using NetworkStream." );
      startTime = DateTime::Now;
      while ( bytesReceived < numberOfLoops * receivedData->Length )
      {
         bytesReceived += netStream->Read( receivedData, 0, receivedData->Length );
      }

      networkTime = (DateTime::Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
      Console::WriteLine( "{0} bytes received in {1} seconds.\n", bytesReceived.ToString(), networkTime.ToString(  "F1" ) );
      
      // Receive data using the BufferedStream.
      Console::WriteLine(  "Receiving data using BufferedStream." );
      bytesReceived = 0;
      startTime = DateTime::Now;
      while ( bytesReceived < numberOfLoops * receivedData->Length )
      {
         bytesReceived += bufStream->Read( receivedData, 0, receivedData->Length );
      }

      bufferedTime = (DateTime::Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
      Console::WriteLine( "{0} bytes received in {1} seconds.\n", bytesReceived.ToString(), bufferedTime.ToString(  "F1" ) );
      
      // Print the ratio of read times.
      Console::WriteLine( "Receiving data using the buffered "
      "network stream was {0} {1} than using the network "
      "stream alone.", (networkTime / bufferedTime).ToString(  "P0" ), bufferedTime < networkTime ? (String^)"faster" : "slower" );
   }

   static void SendData( Stream^ netStream, Stream^ bufStream )
   {
      DateTime startTime;
      Double networkTime;
      Double bufferedTime;
      
      // Create random data to send to the server.
      array<Byte>^dataToSend = gcnew array<Byte>(dataArraySize);
      (gcnew Random)->NextBytes( dataToSend );
      
      // Send the data using the NetworkStream.
      Console::WriteLine( "Sending data using NetworkStream." );
      startTime = DateTime::Now;
      for ( int i = 0; i < numberOfLoops; i++ )
      {
         netStream->Write( dataToSend, 0, dataToSend->Length );

      }
      networkTime = (DateTime::Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
      Console::WriteLine( "{0} bytes sent in {1} seconds.\n", (numberOfLoops * dataToSend->Length).ToString(), networkTime.ToString(  "F1" ) );
      
      // Send the data using the BufferedStream.
      Console::WriteLine( "Sending data using BufferedStream." );
      startTime = DateTime::Now;
      for ( int i = 0; i < numberOfLoops; i++ )
      {
         bufStream->Write( dataToSend, 0, dataToSend->Length );

      }
      bufStream->Flush();
      bufferedTime = (DateTime::Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
      Console::WriteLine( "{0} bytes sent in {1} seconds.\n", (numberOfLoops * dataToSend->Length).ToString(), bufferedTime.ToString(  "F1" ) );
      
      // Print the ratio of write times.
      Console::WriteLine( "Sending data using the buffered "
      "network stream was {0} {1} than using the network "
      "stream alone.\n", (networkTime / bufferedTime).ToString(  "P0" ), bufferedTime < networkTime ? (String^)"faster" : "slower" );
   }

};

int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
   
   // Check that an argument was specified when the 
   // program was invoked.
   if ( argc == 1 )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( "Error: The name of the host computer"
      " must be specified when the program is invoked." );
      return  -1;
   }

   String^ remoteName = gcnew String( argv[ 1 ] );
   
   // Create the underlying socket and connect to the server.
   Socket^ clientSocket = gcnew Socket( AddressFamily::InterNetwork,SocketType::Stream,ProtocolType::Tcp );
   clientSocket->Connect( gcnew IPEndPoint( Dns::Resolve( remoteName )->AddressList[ 0 ],1800 ) );
   Console::WriteLine(  "Client is connected.\n" );
   
   // Create a NetworkStream that owns clientSocket and 
   // then create a BufferedStream on top of the NetworkStream.
   NetworkStream^ netStream = gcnew NetworkStream( clientSocket,true );
   BufferedStream^ bufStream = gcnew BufferedStream( netStream,streamBufferSize );
   
   try
   {
      
      // Check whether the underlying stream supports seeking.
      Console::WriteLine( "NetworkStream {0} seeking.\n", bufStream->CanSeek ? (String^)"supports" : "does not support" );
      
      // Send and receive data.
      if ( bufStream->CanWrite )
      {
         Client::SendData( netStream, bufStream );
      }
      
      if ( bufStream->CanRead )
      {
         Client::ReceiveData( netStream, bufStream );
      }
      
   }
   finally
   {
      
      // When bufStream is closed, netStream is in turn closed,
      // which in turn shuts down the connection and closes
      // clientSocket.
      Console::WriteLine( "\nShutting down connection." );
      bufStream->Close();
      
   }

}

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

public class Client
{
    const int dataArraySize    =   100;
    const int streamBufferSize =  1000;
    const int numberOfLoops    = 10000;

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Check that an argument was specified when the
        // program was invoked.
        if(args.Length == 0)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Error: The name of the host computer" +
                " must be specified when the program is invoked.");
            return;
        }

        string remoteName = args[0];

        // Create the underlying socket and connect to the server.
        Socket clientSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
            SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);

        clientSocket.Connect(new IPEndPoint(
            Dns.Resolve(remoteName).AddressList[0], 1800));

        Console.WriteLine("Client is connected.\n");

        // Create a NetworkStream that owns clientSocket and
        // then create a BufferedStream on top of the NetworkStream.
        // Both streams are disposed when execution exits the
        // using statement.
        using(Stream
            netStream = new NetworkStream(clientSocket, true),
            bufStream =
                  new BufferedStream(netStream, streamBufferSize))
        {
            // Check whether the underlying stream supports seeking.
            Console.WriteLine("NetworkStream {0} seeking.\n",
                bufStream.CanSeek ? "supports" : "does not support");

            // Send and receive data.
            if(bufStream.CanWrite)
            {
                SendData(netStream, bufStream);
            }
            if(bufStream.CanRead)
            {
                ReceiveData(netStream, bufStream);
            }

            // When bufStream is closed, netStream is in turn
            // closed, which in turn shuts down the connection
            // and closes clientSocket.
            Console.WriteLine("\nShutting down the connection.");
            bufStream.Close();
        }
    }

    static void SendData(Stream netStream, Stream bufStream)
    {
        DateTime startTime;
        double networkTime, bufferedTime;

        // Create random data to send to the server.
        byte[] dataToSend = new byte[dataArraySize];
        new Random().NextBytes(dataToSend);

        // Send the data using the NetworkStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Sending data using NetworkStream.");
        startTime = DateTime.Now;
        for(int i = 0; i < numberOfLoops; i++)
        {
            netStream.Write(dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length);
        }
        networkTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes sent in {1} seconds.\n",
            numberOfLoops * dataToSend.Length,
            networkTime.ToString("F1"));

        // Send the data using the BufferedStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Sending data using BufferedStream.");
        startTime = DateTime.Now;
        for(int i = 0; i < numberOfLoops; i++)
        {
            bufStream.Write(dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length);
        }
        bufStream.Flush();
        bufferedTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes sent in {1} seconds.\n",
            numberOfLoops * dataToSend.Length,
            bufferedTime.ToString("F1"));

        // Print the ratio of write times.
        Console.WriteLine("Sending data using the buffered " +
            "network stream was {0} {1} than using the network " +
            "stream alone.\n",
            (networkTime/bufferedTime).ToString("P0"),
            bufferedTime < networkTime ? "faster" : "slower");
    }

    static void ReceiveData(Stream netStream, Stream bufStream)
    {
        DateTime startTime;
        double networkTime, bufferedTime = 0;
        int bytesReceived = 0;
        byte[] receivedData = new byte[dataArraySize];

        // Receive data using the NetworkStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Receiving data using NetworkStream.");
        startTime = DateTime.Now;
        while(bytesReceived < numberOfLoops * receivedData.Length)
        {
            bytesReceived += netStream.Read(
                receivedData, 0, receivedData.Length);
        }
        networkTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes received in {1} seconds.\n",
            bytesReceived.ToString(),
            networkTime.ToString("F1"));

        // Receive data using the BufferedStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Receiving data using BufferedStream.");
        bytesReceived = 0;
        startTime = DateTime.Now;

        int numBytesToRead = receivedData.Length;

        while (numBytesToRead > 0)
        {
            // Read may return anything from 0 to numBytesToRead.
            int n = bufStream.Read(receivedData,0, receivedData.Length);
            // The end of the file is reached.
            if (n == 0)
                break;
            bytesReceived += n;
            numBytesToRead -= n;
        }

        bufferedTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes received in {1} seconds.\n",
            bytesReceived.ToString(),
            bufferedTime.ToString("F1"));

        // Print the ratio of read times.
        Console.WriteLine("Receiving data using the buffered network" +
            " stream was {0} {1} than using the network stream alone.",
            (networkTime/bufferedTime).ToString("P0"),
            bufferedTime < networkTime ? "faster" : "slower");
    }
}

module Client

open System
open System.IO
open System.Net
open System.Net.Sockets

let dataArraySize    =   100
let streamBufferSize =  1000
let numberOfLoops    = 10000

let sendData (netStream: Stream) (bufStream: Stream) =
    // Create random data to send to the server.
    let dataToSend = Array.zeroCreate dataArraySize
    Random().NextBytes dataToSend

    // Send the data using the NetworkStream.
    printfn "Sending data using NetworkStream."
    let startTime = DateTime.Now
    for _ = 0 to numberOfLoops - 1 do
        netStream.Write(dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length)
    let networkTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds
    printfn $"{numberOfLoops * dataToSend.Length} bytes sent in {networkTime:F1} seconds.\n"

    // Send the data using the BufferedStream.
    printfn "Sending data using BufferedStream."
    let startTime = DateTime.Now
    for _ = 0 to numberOfLoops - 1 do
        bufStream.Write(dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length)
    bufStream.Flush()
    let bufferedTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds
    printfn $"{numberOfLoops * dataToSend.Length} bytes sent in {bufferedTime:F1} seconds.\n"

    // Print the ratio of write times.
    printfn $"""Sending data using the buffered network stream was {networkTime / bufferedTime:P0} {if bufferedTime < networkTime then "faster" else "slower"} than using the network stream alone."""
    printfn ""

let receiveData (netStream: Stream) (bufStream: Stream) =
    let mutable bytesReceived = 0
    let receivedData = Array.zeroCreate dataArraySize

    // Receive data using the NetworkStream.
    printfn "Receiving data using NetworkStream."
    let startTime = DateTime.Now
    while bytesReceived < numberOfLoops * receivedData.Length do
        bytesReceived <- bytesReceived + netStream.Read(receivedData, 0, receivedData.Length)
    let networkTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds
    printfn $"{bytesReceived} bytes received in {networkTime:F1} seconds.\n"

    // Receive data using the BufferedStream.
    printfn "Receiving data using BufferedStream."
    bytesReceived <- 0
    let startTime = DateTime.Now

    let mutable numBytesToRead = receivedData.Length

    let mutable broken = false
    while not broken && numBytesToRead > 0 do
        // Read may return anything from 0 to numBytesToRead.
        let n = bufStream.Read(receivedData,0, receivedData.Length)
        // The end of the file is reached.
        if n = 0 then
            broken <- true
        else
            bytesReceived <- bytesReceived + n
            numBytesToRead <- numBytesToRead - n

    let bufferedTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds
    printfn $"{bytesReceived} bytes received in {bufferedTime:F1} seconds.\n"

    // Print the ratio of read times.
    printfn $"""Receiving data using the buffered network stream was {networkTime / bufferedTime:P0} {if bufferedTime < networkTime then "faster" else "slower"} than using the network stream alone."""

[<EntryPoint>]
let main args =
    // Check that an argument was specified when the
    // program was invoked.
    if args.Length = 0 then
        printfn "Error: The name of the host computer must be specified when the program is invoked."
    else
        let remoteName = args[0]

        // Create the underlying socket and connect to the server.
        let clientSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp)

        clientSocket.Connect(IPEndPoint(Dns.GetHostEntry(remoteName).AddressList[0], 1800))

        printfn "Client is connected.\n"

        // Create a NetworkStream that owns clientSocket and
        // then create a BufferedStream on top of the NetworkStream.
        // Both streams are disposed when execution exits the
        // using statement.
        use netStream = new NetworkStream(clientSocket, true)
        use bufStream = new BufferedStream(netStream, streamBufferSize)
        // Check whether the underlying stream supports seeking.
        printfn $"""NetworkStream {if bufStream.CanSeek then "supports" else "does not support"} seeking.\n"""

        // Send and receive data.
        if bufStream.CanWrite then
            sendData netStream bufStream
        if bufStream.CanRead then
            receiveData netStream bufStream

        // When bufStream is closed, netStream is in turn
        // closed, which in turn shuts down the connection
        // and closes clientSocket.
        printfn "\nShutting down the connection."
        bufStream.Close()
    0

' Compile using /r:System.dll.
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Globalization
Imports System.Net
Imports System.Net.Sockets

Public Class Client 

    Const dataArraySize As Integer    =   100
    Const streamBufferSize As Integer =  1000
    Const numberOfLoops As Integer    = 10000

    Shared Sub Main(args As String()) 
    
        ' Check that an argument was specified when the 
        ' program was invoked.
        If args.Length = 0 Then
            Console.WriteLine("Error: The name of the host " & _
                "computer must be specified when the program " & _ 
                "is invoked.")
            Return
        End If

        Dim remoteName As String = args(0)

        ' Create the underlying socket and connect to the server.
        Dim clientSocket As New Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, _
            SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp)

        clientSocket.Connect(New IPEndPoint( _
            Dns.Resolve(remoteName).AddressList(0), 1800))

        Console.WriteLine("Client is connected." & vbCrLf)

        ' Create a NetworkStream that owns clientSocket and then 
        ' create a BufferedStream on top of the NetworkStream.
        Dim netStream As New NetworkStream(clientSocket, True)
        Dim bufStream As New _
            BufferedStream(netStream, streamBufferSize)
        
        Try
            ' Check whether the underlying stream supports seeking.
            If bufStream.CanSeek Then
                Console.WriteLine("NetworkStream supports" & _
                    "seeking." & vbCrLf)
            Else
                Console.WriteLine("NetworkStream does not " & _
                    "support seeking." & vbCrLf)
            End If

            ' Send and receive data.
            If bufStream.CanWrite Then
                SendData(netStream, bufStream)
            End If            
            If bufStream.CanRead Then
                ReceiveData(netStream, bufStream)
            End If
        Finally

            ' When bufStream is closed, netStream is in turn 
            ' closed, which in turn shuts down the connection 
            ' and closes clientSocket.
            Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Shutting down the connection.")
            bufStream.Close()
        End Try
    End Sub

    Shared Sub SendData(netStream As Stream, bufStream As Stream)
    
        Dim startTime As DateTime 
        Dim networkTime As Double, bufferedTime As Double 

        ' Create random data to send to the server.
        Dim dataToSend(dataArraySize - 1) As Byte
        Dim randomGenerator As New Random()
        randomGenerator.NextBytes(dataToSend)

        ' Send the data using the NetworkStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Sending data using NetworkStream.")
        startTime = DateTime.Now
        For i As Integer = 1 To numberOfLoops
            netStream.Write(dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length)
        Next i
        networkTime = DateTime.Now.Subtract(startTime).TotalSeconds
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes sent in {1} seconds." & vbCrLf, _
            numberOfLoops * dataToSend.Length, _
            networkTime.ToString("F1"))

        ' Send the data using the BufferedStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Sending data using BufferedStream.")
        startTime = DateTime.Now
        For i As Integer = 1 To numberOfLoops
            bufStream.Write(dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length)
        Next i
        
        bufStream.Flush()
        bufferedTime = DateTime.Now.Subtract(startTime).TotalSeconds
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes sent In {1} seconds." & vbCrLf, _
            numberOfLoops * dataToSend.Length, _
            bufferedTime.ToString("F1"))

        ' Print the ratio of write times.
        Console.Write("Sending data using the buffered " & _
            "network stream was {0}", _
            (networkTime/bufferedTime).ToString("P0"))
        If bufferedTime < networkTime Then
            Console.Write(" faster")
        Else
            Console.Write(" slower")
        End If
        Console.WriteLine(" than using the network stream alone.")
    End Sub

    Shared Sub ReceiveData(netStream As Stream, bufStream As Stream)
    
        Dim startTime As DateTime 
        Dim networkTime As Double, bufferedTime As Double = 0

        Dim bytesReceived As Integer = 0
        Dim receivedData(dataArraySize - 1) As Byte

        ' Receive data using the NetworkStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Receiving data using NetworkStream.")
        startTime = DateTime.Now
        While bytesReceived < numberOfLoops * receivedData.Length
            bytesReceived += netStream.Read( _
                receivedData, 0, receivedData.Length)
        End While
        networkTime = DateTime.Now.Subtract(startTime).TotalSeconds
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes received in {1} " & _
            "seconds." & vbCrLf, _
            bytesReceived.ToString(), _
            networkTime.ToString("F1"))

        ' Receive data using the BufferedStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Receiving data using BufferedStream.")
        bytesReceived = 0
        startTime = DateTime.Now

        Dim numBytesToRead As Integer = receivedData.Length
        Dim n As Integer
        Do While numBytesToRead > 0

            'Read my return anything from 0 to numBytesToRead
            n = bufStream.Read(receivedData, 0, receivedData.Length)
            'The end of the file is reached.
            If n = 0 Then
                Exit Do
            End If

            bytesReceived += n
            numBytesToRead -= n
        Loop

        bufferedTime = DateTime.Now.Subtract(startTime).TotalSeconds
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes received in {1} " & _
            "seconds." & vbCrLf, _
            bytesReceived.ToString(), _
            bufferedTime.ToString("F1"))

        ' Print the ratio of read times.
        Console.Write("Receiving data using the buffered " & _
            "network stream was {0}", _
            (networkTime/bufferedTime).ToString("P0"))
        If bufferedTime < networkTime Then
            Console.Write(" faster")
        Else
            Console.Write(" slower")
        End If
        Console.WriteLine(" than using the network stream alone.")
    End Sub
End Class

範例 2：在伺服器上執行的程式代碼

#using <system.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Net;
using namespace System::Net::Sockets;
int main()
{
   
   // This is a Windows Sockets 2 error code.
   const int WSAETIMEDOUT = 10060;
   Socket^ serverSocket;
   int bytesReceived;
   int totalReceived = 0;
   array<Byte>^receivedData = gcnew array<Byte>(2000000);
   
   // Create random data to send to the client.
   array<Byte>^dataToSend = gcnew array<Byte>(2000000);
   (gcnew Random)->NextBytes( dataToSend );
   IPAddress^ ipAddress = Dns::Resolve( Dns::GetHostName() )->AddressList[ 0 ];
   IPEndPoint^ ipEndpoint = gcnew IPEndPoint( ipAddress,1800 );
   
   // Create a socket and listen for incoming connections.
   Socket^ listenSocket = gcnew Socket( AddressFamily::InterNetwork,SocketType::Stream,ProtocolType::Tcp );
   try
   {
      listenSocket->Bind( ipEndpoint );
      listenSocket->Listen( 1 );
      
      // Accept a connection and create a socket to handle it.
      serverSocket = listenSocket->Accept();
      Console::WriteLine( "Server is connected.\n" );
   }
   finally
   {
      listenSocket->Close();
   }

   try
   {
      
      // Send data to the client.
      Console::Write( "Sending data ... " );
      int bytesSent = serverSocket->Send( dataToSend, 0, dataToSend->Length, SocketFlags::None );
      Console::WriteLine( "{0} bytes sent.\n", bytesSent.ToString() );
      
      // Set the timeout for receiving data to 2 seconds.
      serverSocket->SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel::Socket, SocketOptionName::ReceiveTimeout, 2000 );
      
      // Receive data from the client.
      Console::Write( "Receiving data ... " );
      try
      {
         do
         {
            bytesReceived = serverSocket->Receive( receivedData, 0, receivedData->Length, SocketFlags::None );
            totalReceived += bytesReceived;
         }
         while ( bytesReceived != 0 );
      }
      catch ( SocketException^ e ) 
      {
         if ( e->ErrorCode == WSAETIMEDOUT )
         {
            
            // Data was not received within the given time.
            // Assume that the transmission has ended.
         }
         else
         {
            Console::WriteLine( "{0}: {1}\n", e->GetType()->Name, e->Message );
         }
      }
      finally
      {
         Console::WriteLine( "{0} bytes received.\n", totalReceived.ToString() );
      }

   }
   finally
   {
      serverSocket->Shutdown( SocketShutdown::Both );
      Console::WriteLine( "Connection shut down." );
      serverSocket->Close();
   }

}

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

public class Server
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // This is a Windows Sockets 2 error code.
        const int WSAETIMEDOUT = 10060;

        Socket serverSocket;
        int bytesReceived, totalReceived = 0;
        byte[] receivedData = new byte[2000000];

        // Create random data to send to the client.
        byte[] dataToSend = new byte[2000000];
        new Random().NextBytes(dataToSend);

        IPAddress ipAddress =
            Dns.Resolve(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList[0];

        IPEndPoint ipEndpoint = new IPEndPoint(ipAddress, 1800);

        // Create a socket and listen for incoming connections.
        using(Socket listenSocket = new Socket(
            AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,
            ProtocolType.Tcp))
        {
            listenSocket.Bind(ipEndpoint);
            listenSocket.Listen(1);

            // Accept a connection and create a socket to handle it.
            serverSocket = listenSocket.Accept();
            Console.WriteLine("Server is connected.\n");
        }

        try
        {
            // Send data to the client.
            Console.Write("Sending data ... ");
            int bytesSent = serverSocket.Send(
                dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length, SocketFlags.None);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes sent.\n",
                bytesSent.ToString());

            // Set the timeout for receiving data to 2 seconds.
            serverSocket.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket,
                SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, 2000);

            // Receive data from the client.
            Console.Write("Receiving data ... ");
            try
            {
                do
                {
                    bytesReceived = serverSocket.Receive(receivedData,
                        0, receivedData.Length, SocketFlags.None);
                    totalReceived += bytesReceived;
                }
                while(bytesReceived != 0);
            }
            catch(SocketException e)
            {
                if(e.ErrorCode == WSAETIMEDOUT)
                {
                    // Data was not received within the given time.
                    // Assume that the transmission has ended.
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}\n",
                        e.GetType().Name, e.Message);
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes received.\n",
                    totalReceived.ToString());
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            serverSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
            Console.WriteLine("Connection shut down.");
            serverSocket.Close();
        }
    }
}

module Server

open System
open System.Net
open System.Net.Sockets

// This is a Windows Sockets 2 error code.
let WSAETIMEDOUT = 10060

let mutable bytesReceived = -1 
let mutable totalReceived = 0
let receivedData = Array.zeroCreate 2000000

// Create random data to send to the client.
let dataToSend = Array.zeroCreate 2000000
Random().NextBytes dataToSend

let ipAddress = Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList[0]

let ipEndpoint = IPEndPoint(ipAddress, 1800)

// Create a socket and listen for incoming connections.
let serverSocket = 
    use listenSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp)
    listenSocket.Bind ipEndpoint
    listenSocket.Listen 1

    // Accept a connection and create a socket to handle it.
    listenSocket.Accept()

printfn "Server is connected.\n"

try
    // Send data to the client.
    printf "Sending data ... "
    let bytesSent = serverSocket.Send(dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length, SocketFlags.None)
    printfn $"{bytesSent} bytes sent.\n"

    // Set the timeout for receiving data to 2 seconds.
    serverSocket.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket,
        SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, 2000)

    // Receive data from the client.
    printf "Receiving data ... "
    try
        try
            while bytesReceived <> 0 do
                bytesReceived <- serverSocket.Receive(receivedData, 0, receivedData.Length, SocketFlags.None)
                totalReceived <- totalReceived + bytesReceived

        with :? SocketException as e ->
            if e.ErrorCode = WSAETIMEDOUT then
                // Data was not received within the given time.
                // Assume that the transmission has ended.
                ()
            else
                printfn $"{e.GetType().Name}: {e.Message}\n"
    finally
        printfn $"{totalReceived} bytes received.\n"
finally
    serverSocket.Shutdown SocketShutdown.Both
    printfn "Connection shut down."
    serverSocket.Close()

' Compile using /r:System.dll.
Imports System.Net
Imports System.Net.Sockets

Public Class Server 

    Shared Sub Main() 
    
        ' This is a Windows Sockets 2 error code.
        Const WSAETIMEDOUT As Integer = 10060

        Dim serverSocket As Socket 
        Dim bytesReceived As Integer
        Dim totalReceived As Integer = 0
        Dim receivedData(2000000-1) As Byte

        ' Create random data to send to the client.
        Dim dataToSend(2000000-1) As Byte
        Dim randomGenerator As New Random()
        randomGenerator.NextBytes(dataToSend)

        Dim ipAddress As IPAddress = _
            Dns.Resolve(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList(0)

        Dim ipEndpoint As New IPEndPoint(ipAddress, 1800)

        ' Create a socket and listen for incoming connections.
        Dim listenSocket As New Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, _
            SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp)
        
        Try
            listenSocket.Bind(ipEndpoint)
            listenSocket.Listen(1)

            ' Accept a connection and create a socket to handle it.
            serverSocket = listenSocket.Accept()
            Console.WriteLine("Server is connected." & vbCrLf)
        Finally
            listenSocket.Close()
        End Try

        Try
            ' Send data to the client.
            Console.Write("Sending data ... ")
            Dim bytesSent As Integer = serverSocket.Send( _
                dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length, SocketFlags.None)
            Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes sent." & vbCrLf, _
                bytesSent.ToString())

            ' Set the timeout for receiving data to 2 seconds.
            serverSocket.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket, _
                SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, 2000)

            ' Receive data from the client.
            Console.Write("Receiving data ... ")
            Try
                Do
                    bytesReceived = serverSocket.Receive( _
                        receivedData, 0, receivedData.Length, _
                        SocketFlags.None)
                    totalReceived += bytesReceived
                Loop While bytesReceived <> 0
            Catch e As SocketException
                If(e.ErrorCode = WSAETIMEDOUT)
                
                    ' Data was not received within the given time.
                    ' Assume that the transmission has ended.
                Else
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}" & vbCrLf, _
                        e.GetType().Name, e.Message)
                End If
            Finally
                Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes received." & vbCrLf, _
                    totalReceived.ToString())
            End Try
        Finally
            serverSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both)
            Console.WriteLine("Connection shut down.")
            serverSocket.Close()
        End Try
    
    End Sub
End Class

備註

緩衝區是記憶體中用來快取數據的位元組區塊，藉此減少對操作系統的呼叫數目。 緩衝區可改善讀取和寫入效能。 緩衝區可用於讀取或寫入，但絕不會同時使用。 BufferedStream 的 Read 和 Write 方法會自動維護緩衝區。

重要

此類型會實作 IDisposable 介面。 當您完成使用類型時，應該直接或間接處置它。 若要直接處置類型，請在 try/catch 區塊中呼叫其 Dispose 方法。 若要間接處置它，請使用語言建構，例如 using （C#） 或 Using （在 Visual Basic 中）。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 介面主題中的<使用實作 IDisposable 的物件>一節。

BufferedStream 可以由特定類型的數據流組成。 它提供將位元組讀取和寫入基礎數據源或存放庫的實作。 使用 BinaryReader 和 BinaryWriter 來讀取和寫入其他數據類型。 BufferedStream 的設計目的是防止緩衝區在不需要緩衝區時降低輸入和輸出的速度。 如果您一律讀取和寫入大於內部緩衝區大小的大小，則 BufferedStream 甚至可能不會配置內部緩衝區。 BufferedStream 也會緩衝共用緩衝區中的讀取和寫入。 假設您幾乎一律會執行一系列讀取或寫入，但很少在兩者之間交替。

建構函式

BufferedStream(Stream)	使用默認緩衝區大小為 4096 位元組，初始化 BufferedStream 類別的新實例。
BufferedStream(Stream, Int32)	使用指定的緩衝區大小，初始化 BufferedStream 類別的新實例。

屬性

BufferSize	取得這個緩衝數據流的位元組大小。
CanRead	取得值，指出目前數據流是否支援讀取。
CanSeek	取得值，指出目前數據流是否支持搜尋。
CanTimeout	取得值，這個值會判斷目前的數據流是否可以逾時。 (繼承來源 Stream)
CanWrite	取得值，指出目前數據流是否支援寫入。
Length	取得以位元組為單位的數據流長度。
Position	取得目前數據流中的位置。
ReadTimeout	取得或設定值，以毫秒為單位，決定數據流在逾時之前嘗試讀取的時間長度。 (繼承來源 Stream)
UnderlyingStream	取得這個緩衝數據流的基礎 Stream 實例。
WriteTimeout	取得或設定值，以毫秒為單位，決定數據流在逾時之前嘗試寫入的時間長度。 (繼承來源 Stream)

方法

BeginRead(Byte[], Int32, Int32, AsyncCallback, Object)	開始異步讀取作業。 （請考慮改用 ReadAsync(Byte[], Int32, Int32, CancellationToken)。
BeginWrite(Byte[], Int32, Int32, AsyncCallback, Object)	開始異步寫入作業。 （請考慮改用 WriteAsync(Byte[], Int32, Int32, CancellationToken)。
Close()	關閉目前的數據流，並釋放與目前數據流相關聯的任何資源（例如套接字和檔句柄）。 請確定已正確處置數據流，而不是呼叫此方法。 (繼承來源 Stream)
CopyTo(Stream)	從目前的數據流讀取位元組，並將其寫入另一個數據流。 這兩個數據流位置都會依複製的位元元組數目進階。 (繼承來源 Stream)
CopyTo(Stream, Int32)	從目前的緩衝數據流讀取位元組，並將其寫入另一個數據流。
CopyToAsync(Stream)	以異步方式從目前的數據流讀取位元組，並將其寫入另一個數據流。 這兩個數據流位置都會依複製的位元元組數目進階。 (繼承來源 Stream)
CopyToAsync(Stream, CancellationToken)	使用指定的取消標記，以異步方式從目前數據流讀取位元組，並將其寫入另一個數據流。 這兩個數據流位置都會依複製的位元元組數目進階。 (繼承來源 Stream)
CopyToAsync(Stream, Int32)	使用指定的緩衝區大小，以異步方式從目前數據流讀取位元組，並將其寫入另一個數據流。 這兩個數據流位置都會依複製的位元元組數目進階。 (繼承來源 Stream)
CopyToAsync(Stream, Int32, CancellationToken)	使用指定的緩衝區大小和取消令牌，以異步方式從目前緩衝數據流讀取位元組，並將其寫入另一個數據流。
CreateObjRef(Type)	建立物件，其中包含產生用來與遠端物件通訊之 Proxy 所需的所有相關信息。 (繼承來源 MarshalByRefObject)
CreateWaitHandle()	已淘汰. 配置 WaitHandle 物件。 (繼承來源 Stream)
Dispose()	釋放 Stream所使用的所有資源。 (繼承來源 Stream)
Dispose(Boolean)	釋放 Stream 所使用的 Unmanaged 資源，並選擇性地釋放 Managed 資源。 (繼承來源 Stream)
DisposeAsync()	以異步方式釋放緩衝數據流所使用的 Unmanaged 資源。
EndRead(IAsyncResult)	等候暫止的異步讀取作業完成。 （請考慮改用 ReadAsync(Byte[], Int32, Int32, CancellationToken)。
EndWrite(IAsyncResult)	結束異步寫入作業並封鎖，直到 I/O 作業完成為止。 （請考慮改用 WriteAsync(Byte[], Int32, Int32, CancellationToken)。
Equals(Object)	判斷指定的物件是否等於目前的物件。 (繼承來源 Object)
Flush()	清除此數據流的所有緩衝區，並導致任何緩衝的數據寫入基礎裝置。
FlushAsync()	以異步方式清除此數據流的所有緩衝區，並導致任何緩衝的數據寫入基礎裝置。 (繼承來源 Stream)
FlushAsync(CancellationToken)	以異步方式清除此數據流的所有緩衝區、導致任何緩衝的數據寫入基礎裝置，並監視取消要求。
GetHashCode()	做為預設哈希函式。 (繼承來源 Object)
GetLifetimeService()	已淘汰. 擷取控制這個實例存留期原則的目前存留期服務物件。 (繼承來源 MarshalByRefObject)
GetType()	取得目前實例的 Type。 (繼承來源 Object)
InitializeLifetimeService()	已淘汰. 取得存留期服務物件，以控制這個實例的存留期原則。 (繼承來源 MarshalByRefObject)
MemberwiseClone()	建立目前 Object的淺層複本。 (繼承來源 Object)
MemberwiseClone(Boolean)	建立目前 MarshalByRefObject 對象的淺層複本。 (繼承來源 MarshalByRefObject)
ObjectInvariant()	已淘汰. 提供 Contract的支援。 (繼承來源 Stream)
Read(Byte[], Int32, Int32)	將位元組從目前的緩衝數據流複製到陣列。
Read(Span<Byte>)	將位元組從目前緩衝數據流複製到位元組範圍，並以讀取的位元元組數目將緩衝數據流中的位置往前移。
ReadAsync(Byte[], Int32, Int32)	以異步方式從目前數據流讀取位元組序列，並依讀取的位元元組數目將數據流中的位置往前移。 (繼承來源 Stream)
ReadAsync(Byte[], Int32, Int32, CancellationToken)	以異步方式從目前數據流讀取位元組序列、依讀取的位元元組數目將數據流中的位置往前移，並監視取消要求。
ReadAsync(Memory<Byte>, CancellationToken)	以異步方式從目前緩衝數據流讀取位元組序列，並將緩衝數據流中的位置依讀取的位元組數目往前移。
ReadAtLeast(Span<Byte>, Int32, Boolean)	從目前數據流讀取至少一個字節數目，並將數據流中的位置依讀取的位元組數目往前移。 (繼承來源 Stream)
ReadAtLeastAsync(Memory<Byte>, Int32, Boolean, CancellationToken)	以異步方式從目前數據流讀取至少一個字節數目、依讀取的位元組數目將數據流中的位置往前移，並監視取消要求。 (繼承來源 Stream)
ReadByte()	從基礎數據流讀取位元組，並將位元組轉換成 int，或從數據流結尾讀取時傳回 -1。
ReadExactly(Byte[], Int32, Int32)	從目前數據流讀取 count 位元組數，並將位置往前移。 (繼承來源 Stream)
ReadExactly(Span<Byte>)	從目前的數據流讀取位元組，並將位置往前移，直到填入 buffer 為止。 (繼承來源 Stream)
ReadExactlyAsync(Byte[], Int32, Int32, CancellationToken)	以異步方式從目前數據流讀取 count 位元組數目、推進數據流中的位置，以及監視取消要求。 (繼承來源 Stream)
ReadExactlyAsync(Memory<Byte>, CancellationToken)	以異步方式從目前數據流讀取位元組、將數據流中的位置往前移，直到填入 buffer，並監視取消要求。 (繼承來源 Stream)
Seek(Int64, SeekOrigin)	設定目前緩衝數據流內的位置。
SetLength(Int64)	設定緩衝數據流的長度。
ToString()	傳回表示目前 物件的字串。 (繼承來源 Object)
Write(Byte[], Int32, Int32)	將位元組複製到緩衝數據流，並以寫入的位元元組數將緩衝數據流中的目前位置往前移。
Write(ReadOnlySpan<Byte>)	將位元組序列寫入至目前的緩衝數據流，並依寫入的位元組數目，將這個緩衝數據流中的目前位置往前移。
WriteAsync(Byte[], Int32, Int32)	以異步方式將位元組序列寫入目前數據流，並依寫入的位元元組數目，將這個數據流中的目前位置往前移。 (繼承來源 Stream)
WriteAsync(Byte[], Int32, Int32, CancellationToken)	以異步方式將位元組序列寫入至目前的數據流、依寫入的位元組數目將這個數據流中的目前位置往前移，並監視取消要求。
WriteAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<Byte>, CancellationToken)	以異步方式將位元組序列寫入至目前的緩衝數據流、依寫入的位元組數目將這個緩衝數據流中的目前位置往前移，並監視取消要求。
WriteByte(Byte)	將位元組寫入緩衝數據流中的目前位置。

擴充方法

CopyToAsync(Stream, PipeWriter, CancellationToken)	使用取消標記，以異步方式從 Stream 讀取位元組，並將其寫入指定的 PipeWriter。
ConfigureAwait(IAsyncDisposable, Boolean)	設定如何執行從異步可處置專案傳回的工作等候。

另請參閱

• FileStream
• MemoryStream
• Stream
• 檔案和串流 I/O
• 如何：從檔案讀取文字
• 如何：將文字寫入檔案