Thanks for posting here in Microsoft Community. Based on the information that you have provided, it seems that your keyboard is using media keys by default, not normal F1–F12 keys. To fix this try the FN key.
Here's how:
- Open Minecraft
- Hold FN on your keyboard
- While holding FN, press F3
- So, it looks like: FN + F3
If this works, your keyboard just needs FN for F keys. Let me know how it goes. Hoping to hear from you soon.