Hi, @Justin
I understand that you want to call a protected Azure Functions endpoint from outside Azure.
You can protect your Functions endpoints using keys or authentication/authorization. Consider which to use first according to the following:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/security-concepts?tabs=v4
For keys, just embed them into your application. it's simple.
There are various methods for more secure authentication/authorization.
If the target is her external web application, it is possible to perform authentication/authorization by integrating the application with Azure AD.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/authentication-flows-app-scenarios