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Recompiling Stored Procedures

As a database is changed by such actions as adding indexes or changing data in indexed columns, the original query plans used to access its tables should be optimized again by recompiling them. This optimization happens automatically the first time a stored procedure is run after Microsoft SQL Server is restarted. It also occurs if an underlying table used by the stored procedure changes. But if a new index is added from which the stored procedure might benefit, optimization does not happen until the next time the stored procedure is run after SQL Server is restarted. In this situation, it can be useful to force the stored procedure to recompile the next time it executes

Another reason to force a stored procedure to recompile is to counteract, when necessary, the "parameter sniffing" behavior of stored procedure compilation. When SQL Server executes stored procedures, any parameter values used by the procedure when it compiles are included as part of generating the query plan. If these values represent the typical ones with which the procedure is called subsequently, then the stored procedure benefits from the query plan each time it compiles and executes. If not, performance may suffer.

Note

SQL Server 2008 features statement-level recompilation of stored procedures. When SQL Server 2008 recompiles stored procedures, only the statement that caused the recompilation is compiled, rather than the entire procedure. As a result, SQL Server uses the parameter values as they exist in the recompiled statement when regenerating a query plan. These values may differ from those that were originally passed into the procedure.

Forcing a Stored Procedure to Recompile

SQL Server provides three ways to force a stored procedure to recompile:

  • The sp_recompile system stored procedure forces a recompile of a stored procedure the next time that it is run. It does this by deleting the existing plan from the procedure cache forcing a new plan to be created the next time that the procedure is run.

  • Creating a stored procedure that specifies the WITH RECOMPILE option in its definition indicates that SQL Server does not cache a plan for this stored procedure; the stored procedure is recompiled every time that it is executed. Use the WITH RECOMPILE option when stored procedures take parameters whose values differ widely between executions of the stored procedure and cause different execution plans to be created every time. Use of this option is uncommon and causes the stored procedure to execute more slowly, because the stored procedure must be recompiled every time that it is executed.

    If you only want individual queries inside the stored procedure to be recompiled, instead of the complete stored procedure, specify the RECOMPILE query hint inside each query you want recompiled. This behavior mimics SQL Server's statement-level recompilation behavior noted above, but in addition to using the stored procedure's current parameter values, the RECOMPILE query hint also uses the values of any local variables inside the stored procedure when compiling the statement. Use this option when atypical or temporary values are used in only a subset of queries belonging to the stored procedure. For more information, see Query Hint (Transact-SQL).

  • You can force the stored procedure to be recompiled by specifying the WITH RECOMPILE option when you execute the stored procedure. Use this option only if the parameter you are supplying is atypical or if the data has significantly changed since the stored procedure was created.

    Note

    If an object referenced by a stored procedure is deleted or renamed, an error is returned when the stored procedure is executed. If, however, an object referenced in a stored procedure is replaced with an object of the same name, the stored procedure executes without having to be re-created.

To recompile a stored procedure the next time it is run