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Quickstart: Microsoft Azure confidential ledger client library for Python

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Get started with the Microsoft Azure confidential ledger client library for Python. Follow the steps in this article to install the package and try out example code for basic tasks.

Microsoft Azure confidential ledger is a new and highly secure service for managing sensitive data records. Based on a permissioned blockchain model, Azure confidential ledger offers unique data integrity advantages, such as immutability (making the ledger append-only) and tamper proofing (to ensure all records are kept intact).

If you don't have an Azure subscription, create an Azure free account before you begin.

API reference documentation | Library source code | Package (Python Package Index) Management Library| Package (Python Package Index) Client Library

Prerequisites

Set up

This quickstart uses the Azure Identity library, along with Azure CLI or Azure PowerShell, to authenticate user to Azure Services. Developers can also use Visual Studio or Visual Studio Code to authenticate their calls. For more information, see Authenticate the client with Azure Identity client library.

Sign in to Azure

Sign in to Azure using the Azure CLI az login command or the Azure PowerShell Connect-AzAccount cmdlet.

az login

If the CLI or PowerShell can open your default browser, it will do so and load an Azure sign-in page. Otherwise, visit https://aka.ms/devicelogin and enter the authorization code displayed in your terminal.

If prompted, sign in with your account credentials in the browser.

Install the packages

In a terminal or command prompt, create a suitable project folder, and then create and activate a Python virtual environment as described on Use Python virtual environments.

Install the Microsoft Entra identity client library:

pip install azure-identity

Install the Azure confidential ledger control plane client library.

pip install azure.mgmt.confidentialledger

Install the Azure confidential ledger data plane client library.

pip install azure.confidentialledger

Create a resource group

A resource group is a logical container into which Azure resources are deployed and managed. Use the Azure CLI az group create command or the Azure PowerShell New-AzResourceGroup cmdlet to create a resource group named myResourceGroup in the eastus location.

az group create --name "myResourceGroup" -l "EastUS"

Register the microsoft.ConfidentialLedger resource provider

A resource provider is a service that supplies Azure resources. Use the Azure CLI az provider register command or the Azure PowerShell Register-AzResourceProvider cmdlet to register the Azure confidential ledger resource provider, 'microsoft.ConfidentialLedger'.

az provider register --namespace "microsoft.ConfidentialLedger"

You can verify that registration is complete with the Azure CLI az provider register command or the Azure PowerShell Get-AzResourceProvider cmdlet.

az provider show --namespace "microsoft.ConfidentialLedger"

Create your Python app

Initialization

We can now start writing our Python application. First, import the required packages.

# Import the Azure authentication library

from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential

## Import the control plane sdk

from azure.mgmt.confidentialledger import ConfidentialLedger as ConfidentialLedgerAPI
from azure.mgmt.confidentialledger.models import ConfidentialLedger

# import the data plane sdk

from azure.confidentialledger import ConfidentialLedgerClient
from azure.confidentialledger.certificate import ConfidentialLedgerCertificateClient

Next, use the DefaultAzureCredential Class to authenticate the app.

credential = DefaultAzureCredential()

Finish setup by setting some variables for use in your application: the resource group (myResourceGroup), the name of ledger you want to create, and two urls to be used by the data plane client library.

Important

Each ledger must have a globally unique name. Replace <your-unique-ledger-name> with the name of your ledger in the following example.

resource_group = "<azure-resource-group>"
ledger_name = "<your-unique-ledger-name>"
subscription_id = "<azure-subscription-id>"

identity_url = "https://identity.confidential-ledger.core.azure.com"
ledger_url = "https://" + ledger_name + ".confidential-ledger.azure.com"

Use the control plane client library

The control plane client library (azure.mgmt.confidentialledger) allows operations on ledgers, such as creation, modification, deletion, listing the ledgers associated with a subscription, and getting the details of a specific ledger.

In the code, first create a control plane client by passing the ConfidentialLedgerAPI the credential variable and your Azure subscription ID (both of which are set above).

confidential_ledger_mgmt = ConfidentialLedgerAPI(
    credential, subscription_id
)

We can now create a ledger using begin_create. The begin_create function requires three parameters: your resource group, a name for the ledger, and a "properties" object.

Create a properties dictionary with the following keys and values, and assign it to a variable.

properties = {
    "location": "eastus",
    "tags": {},
    "properties": {
        "ledgerType": "Public",
        "aadBasedSecurityPrincipals": [],
    },
}

ledger_properties = ConfidentialLedger(**properties)

Now pass the resource group, the name of your ledger, and the properties object to begin_create.

confidential_ledger_mgmt.ledger.begin_create(resource_group, ledger_name, ledger_properties)

To verify that your ledger was successfully created, view its details using the get function.

myledger = confidential_ledger_mgmt.ledger.get(resource_group, ledger_name)

print("Here are the details of your newly created ledger:")
print (f"- Name: {myledger.name}")
print (f"- Location: {myledger.location}")
print (f"- ID: {myledger.id}")

Use the data plane client library

Now that we have a ledger, interact with it using the data plane client library (azure.confidentialledger).

First, we generate and save a confidential ledger certificate.

identity_client = ConfidentialLedgerCertificateClient(identity_url)
network_identity = identity_client.get_ledger_identity(
     ledger_id=ledger_name
)

ledger_tls_cert_file_name = "networkcert.pem"
with open(ledger_tls_cert_file_name, "w") as cert_file:
    cert_file.write(network_identity['ledgerTlsCertificate'])

Now we can use the network certificate, along with the ledger URL and our credentials, to create a confidential ledger client.

ledger_client = ConfidentialLedgerClient(
     endpoint=ledger_url, 
     credential=credential,
     ledger_certificate_path=ledger_tls_cert_file_name
)

We are prepared to write to the ledger. We will do so using the create_ledger_entry function.

sample_entry = {"contents": "Hello world!"}
append_result = ledger_client.create_ledger_entry(entry=sample_entry)
print(append_result['transactionId'])

The print function will return the transaction ID of your write to the ledger, which can be used to retrieve the message you wrote to the ledger.

entry = ledger_client.get_ledger_entry(transaction_id=append_result['transactionId'])['entry']
print(f"Entry (transaction id = {entry['transactionId']}) in collection {entry['collectionId']}: {entry['contents']}")

If you just want the latest transaction that was committed to the ledger, you can use the get_current_ledger_entry function.

latest_entry = ledger_client.get_current_ledger_entry()
print(f"Current entry (transaction id = {latest_entry['transactionId']}) in collection {latest_entry['collectionId']}: {latest_entry['contents']}")

The print function will return "Hello world!", as that's the message in the ledger that corresponds to the transaction ID and is the latest transaction.

Full sample code

import time
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential

## Import control plane sdk

from azure.mgmt.confidentialledger import ConfidentialLedger as ConfidentialLedgerAPI
from azure.mgmt.confidentialledger.models import ConfidentialLedger

# import data plane sdk

from azure.confidentialledger import ConfidentialLedgerClient
from azure.confidentialledger.certificate import ConfidentialLedgerCertificateClient

# Set variables

resource_group = "<azure-resource-group>"
ledger_name = "<your-unique-ledger-name>"
subscription_id = "<azure-subscription-id>"

identity_url = "https://identity.confidential-ledger.core.azure.com"
ledger_url = "https://" + ledger_name + ".confidential-ledger.azure.com"

# Authentication

# Need to do az login to get default credential to work

credential = DefaultAzureCredential()

# Control plane (azure.mgmt.confidentialledger)
# 
# initialize endpoint with credential and subscription

confidential_ledger_mgmt = ConfidentialLedgerAPI(
    credential, "<subscription-id>"
)

# Create properties dictionary for begin_create call 

properties = {
    "location": "eastus",
    "tags": {},
    "properties": {
        "ledgerType": "Public",
        "aadBasedSecurityPrincipals": [],
    },
}

ledger_properties = ConfidentialLedger(**properties)

# Create a ledger

confidential_ledger_mgmt.ledger.begin_create(resource_group, ledger_name, ledger_properties)

# Get the details of the ledger you just created

print(f"{resource_group} / {ledger_name}")
 
print("Here are the details of your newly created ledger:")
myledger = confidential_ledger_mgmt.ledger.get(resource_group, ledger_name)

print (f"- Name: {myledger.name}")
print (f"- Location: {myledger.location}")
print (f"- ID: {myledger.id}")

# Data plane (azure.confidentialledger)
#
# Create a CL client

identity_client = ConfidentialLedgerCertificateClient(identity_url)
network_identity = identity_client.get_ledger_identity(
     ledger_id=ledger_name
)

ledger_tls_cert_file_name = "networkcert.pem"
with open(ledger_tls_cert_file_name, "w") as cert_file:
    cert_file.write(network_identity['ledgerTlsCertificate'])


ledger_client = ConfidentialLedgerClient(
     endpoint=ledger_url, 
     credential=credential,
     ledger_certificate_path=ledger_tls_cert_file_name
)

# Write to the ledger
sample_entry = {"contents": "Hello world!"}
ledger_client.create_ledger_entry(entry=sample_entry)
  
# Read from the ledger
latest_entry = ledger_client.get_current_ledger_entry()
print(f"Current entry (transaction id = {latest_entry['transactionId']}) in collection {latest_entry['collectionId']}: {latest_entry['contents']}")

Pollers

If you'd like to wait for your write transaction to be committed to your ledger, you can use the begin_create_ledger_entry function. This will return a poller to wait until the entry is durably committed.

sample_entry = {"contents": "Hello world!"}
ledger_entry_poller = ledger_client.begin_create_ledger_entry( 
    entry=sample_entry
)
ledger_entry_result = ledger_entry_poller.result()

Querying an older ledger entry requires the ledger to read the entry from disk and validate it. You can use the begin_get_ledger_entry function to create a poller that will wait until the queried entry is in a ready state to view.

get_entry_poller = ledger_client.begin_get_ledger_entry(
    transaction_id=ledger_entry_result['transactionId']
)
entry = get_entry_poller.result()

Clean up resources

Other Azure confidential ledger articles can build upon this quickstart. If you plan to continue on to work with subsequent quickstarts and tutorials, you may wish to leave these resources in place.

Otherwise, when you're finished with the resources created in this article, use the Azure CLI az group delete command to delete the resource group and all its contained resources:

az group delete --resource-group myResourceGroup

Next steps