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Configure VPN gateway transit for virtual network peering

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This article helps you configure gateway transit for virtual network peering. Virtual network peering seamlessly connects two Azure virtual networks, merging the two virtual networks into one for connectivity purposes. Gateway transit is a peering property that lets one virtual network use the VPN gateway in the peered virtual network for cross-premises or VNet-to-VNet connectivity.

The following diagram shows how gateway transit works with virtual network peering. In the diagram, gateway transit allows the peered virtual networks to use the Azure VPN gateway in Hub-RM. Connectivity available on the VPN gateway, including S2S, P2S, and VNet-to-VNet connections, applies to all three virtual networks.

Diagram of Gateway transit.

The transit option is available for peering between the same, or different deployment models and can be used with all VPN Gateway SKUs except the Basic SKU. If you're configuring transit between different deployment models, the hub virtual network and virtual network gateway must be in the Resource Manager deployment model, not the legacy classic deployment model.

In hub-and-spoke network architecture, gateway transit allows spoke virtual networks to share the VPN gateway in the hub, instead of deploying VPN gateways in every spoke virtual network. Routes to the gateway-connected virtual networks or on-premises networks propagate to the routing tables for the peered virtual networks using gateway transit.

You can disable the automatic route propagation from the VPN gateway. Create a routing table with the "Disable BGP route propagation" option, and associate the routing table to the subnets to prevent the route distribution to those subnets. For more information, see Virtual network routing table.

There are two scenarios in this article. Select the scenario that applies to your environment. Most people use the Same deployment model scenario. If you aren't working with a classic deployment model VNet (legacy VNet) that already exists in your environment, you won't need to work with the Different deployment models scenario.

  • Same deployment model: Both virtual networks are created in the Resource Manager deployment model.
  • Different deployment models: The spoke virtual network is created in the classic deployment model, and the hub virtual network and gateway are in the Resource Manager deployment model. This scenario is useful when you need to connect a legacy VNet that already exists in the classic deployment model.

Note

If you make a change to the topology of your network and have Windows VPN clients, the VPN client package for Windows clients must be downloaded and installed again in order for the changes to be applied to the client.

Prerequisites

This article requires the following VNets and permissions. If you aren't working with the different deployment model scenario, you don't need to create the classic VNet.

Virtual networks

VNet Configuration steps Virtual network gateway
Hub-RM Resource Manager Yes
Spoke-RM Resource Manager No
Spoke-Classic Classic No

Permissions

The accounts you use to create a virtual network peering must have the necessary roles or permissions. In the example below, if you were peering the two virtual networks named Hub-RM and Spoke-Classic, your account must have the following roles or permissions for each virtual network:

VNet Deployment model Role Permissions
Hub-RM Resource Manager Network Contributor Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/virtualNetworkPeerings/write
Classic Classic Network Contributor N/A
Spoke-Classic Resource Manager Network Contributor Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/peer
Classic Classic Network Contributor Microsoft.ClassicNetwork/virtualNetworks/peer

Learn more about built-in roles and assigning specific permissions to custom roles (Resource Manager only).

Same deployment model

This is the more common scenario. In this scenario, the virtual networks are both in the Resource Manager deployment model. Use the following steps to create or update the virtual network peerings to enable gateway transit.

To add a peering and enable transit

  1. In the Azure portal, create or update the virtual network peering from the Hub-RM. Go to the Hub-RM virtual network. Select Peerings, then + Add to open Add peering.

  2. On the Add peering page, configure the values for This virtual network.

    • Peering link name: Name the link. Example: HubRMToSpokeRM

    • Traffic to remote virtual network: Allow

    • Traffic forwarded from remote virtual network: Allow

    • Virtual network gateway: Use this virtual network's gateway or Route Server

      Screenshot shows add peering.

  3. On the same page, continue on to configure the values for the Remote virtual network.

    • Peering link name: Name the link. Example: SpokeRMtoHubRM

    • Virtual network deployment model: Resource Manager

    • I know my resource ID: Leave blank. You only need to select this if you don't have read access to the virtual network or subscription you want to peer with.

    • Subscription: Select the subscription.

    • Virtual Network: Spoke-RM

    • Traffic to remote virtual network: Allow

    • Traffic forwarded from remote virtual network: Allow

    • Virtual network gateway: Use the remote virtual network's gateway or Route Server

      Screenshot shows values for remote virtual network.

  4. Select Add to create the peering.

  5. Verify the peering status as Connected on both virtual networks.

To modify an existing peering for transit

If you have an already existing peering, you can modify the peering for transit.

  1. Go to the virtual network. Select Peerings and select the peering that you want to modify. For example, on the Spoke-RM VNet, select the SpokeRMtoHubRM peering.

  2. Update the VNet peering.

    • Traffic to remote virtual network: Allow
    • Traffic forwarded to virtual network; Allow
    • Virtual network gateway or Route Server: Use the remote virtual network's gateway or Route Server

  3. Save the peering settings.

PowerShell sample

You can also use PowerShell to create or update the peering. Replace the variables with the names of your virtual networks and resource groups.

$SpokeRG = "SpokeRG1"
$SpokeRM = "Spoke-RM"
$HubRG   = "HubRG1"
$HubRM   = "Hub-RM"

$spokermvnet = Get-AzVirtualNetwork -Name $SpokeRM -ResourceGroup $SpokeRG
$hubrmvnet   = Get-AzVirtualNetwork -Name $HubRM -ResourceGroup $HubRG

Add-AzVirtualNetworkPeering `
  -Name SpokeRMtoHubRM `
  -VirtualNetwork $spokermvnet `
  -RemoteVirtualNetworkId $hubrmvnet.Id `
  -UseRemoteGateways

Add-AzVirtualNetworkPeering `
  -Name HubRMToSpokeRM `
  -VirtualNetwork $hubrmvnet `
  -RemoteVirtualNetworkId $spokermvnet.Id `
  -AllowGatewayTransit

Different deployment models

In this configuration, the spoke VNet Spoke-Classic is in the classic deployment model and the hub VNet Hub-RM is in the Resource Manager deployment model. When configuring transit between deployment models, the virtual network gateway must be configured for the Resource Manager VNet, not the classic VNet.

For this configuration, you only need to configure the Hub-RM virtual network. You don't need to configure anything on the Spoke-Classic VNet.

  1. In the Azure portal, go to the Hub-RM virtual network, select Peerings, then select + Add.

  2. On the Add peering page, configure the following values:

    • Peering link name: Name the link. Example: HubRMToClassic

    • Traffic to remote virtual network: Allow

    • Traffic forwarded from remote virtual network: Allow

    • Virtual network gateway or Route Server: Use this virtual network's gateway or Route Server

    • Peering link name: This value disappears when you select Classic for the virtual network deployment model.

    • Virtual network deployment model: Classic

    • I know my resource ID: Leave blank. You only need to select this if you don't have read access to the virtual network or subscription you want to peer with.

      Add peering page for Spoke-Classic

  3. Verify the subscription is correct, then select the virtual network from the dropdown.

  4. Select Add to add the peering.

  5. Verify the peering status as Connected on the Hub-RM virtual network.

For this configuration, you don't need to configure anything on the Spoke-Classic virtual network. Once the status shows Connected, the spoke virtual network can use the connectivity through the VPN gateway in the hub virtual network.

PowerShell sample

You can also use PowerShell to create or update the peering. Replace the variables and subscription ID with the values of your virtual network and resource groups, and subscription. You only need to create virtual network peering on the hub virtual network.

$HubRG   = "HubRG1"
$HubRM   = "Hub-RM"

$hubrmvnet   = Get-AzVirtualNetwork -Name $HubRM -ResourceGroup $HubRG

Add-AzVirtualNetworkPeering `
  -Name HubRMToClassic `
  -VirtualNetwork $hubrmvnet `
  -RemoteVirtualNetworkId "/subscriptions/<subscription Id>/resourceGroups/Default-Networking/providers/Microsoft.ClassicNetwork/virtualNetworks/Spoke-Classic" `
  -AllowGatewayTransit

Next steps