Pattern Value Arguments
Some arguments in the catalog functions, such as the TableName argument in SQLTables, accept search patterns. These arguments accept search patterns if the SQL_ATTR_METADATA_ID statement attribute is set to SQL_FALSE; they are identifier arguments that do not accept a search pattern if this attribute is set to SQL_TRUE.
The search pattern characters are:
An underscore (_), which represents any single character.
A percent sign (%), which represents any sequence of zero or more characters.
An escape character, which is driver-specific and is used to include underscores, percent signs, and the escape character as literals. If the escape character precedes a non-special character, the escape character has no special meaning. If the escape character precedes a special character, it escapes the special character. For example, "\a" would be treated as two characters, "\" and "a", but "\%" would be treated as the non-special single character "%".
The escape character is retrieved with the SQL_SEARCH_PATTERN_ESCAPE option in SQLGetInfo. It must precede any underscore, percent sign, or escape character in an argument that accepts search patterns to include that character as a literal. Examples are shown in the following table.
Search pattern | Description |
---|---|
%A% | All identifiers containing the letter A |
ABC_ | All four character identifiers starting with ABC |
ABC\_ | The identifier ABC_, assuming the escape character is a backslash (\) |
\\% | All identifiers starting with a backslash (\), assuming the escape character is a backslash |
Special care must be taken to escape search pattern characters in arguments that accept search patterns. This is particularly true for the underscore character, which is commonly used in identifiers. A common mistake in applications is to retrieve a value from one catalog function and pass that value to a search pattern argument in another catalog function. For example, suppose an application retrieves the table name MY_TABLE from the result set for SQLTables and passes this to SQLColumns to retrieve a list of columns in MY_TABLE. Instead of getting the columns for MY_TABLE, the application will get the columns for all the tables that match the search pattern MY_TABLE, such as MY_TABLE, MY1TABLE, MY2TABLE, and so on.
Note
ODBC 2.x drivers do not support search patterns in the CatalogName argument in SQLTables. ODBC 3*.x* drivers accept search patterns in this argument if the SQL_ATTR_ ODBC_VERSION environment attribute is set to SQL_OV_ODBC3; they do not accept search patterns in this argument if it is set to SQL_OV_ODBC2.
Passing a null pointer to a search pattern argument does not constrain the search for that argument; that is, a null pointer and the search pattern % (any characters) are equivalent. However, a zero-length search pattern - that is, a valid pointer to a string of length zero - matches only the empty string ("").
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