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Vorgehensweise: Austauschen von Nachrichten in einer Warteschlange mit WCF-Endpunkten

Warteschlangen stellen sicher, dass ein zuverlässiger Nachrichtenaustausch zwischen einem Client und einem WCF-Dienst (Windows Communication Foundation) stattfinden kann, selbst wenn der Dienst zum Zeitpunkt der Kommunikation nicht verfügbar ist. Die folgenden Vorgänge zeigen, wie Sie eine stabile Kommunikation zwischen einem Client und einem Dienst sicherstellen können, indem Sie die Standardbindung in der Warteschlange beim Implementieren des WCF-Diensts verwenden.

Dieser Abschnitt erläutert die Verwendung der NetMsmqBinding für die Kommunikation in einer Warteschlange zwischen einem WCF-Client und einem WCF-Dienst.

So verwenden Sie Warteschlangen in einem WCD-Dienst

  1. Definieren Sie einen Dienstvertrag mit einer Schnittstelle, die mit dem ServiceContractAttribute gekennzeichnet ist. Kennzeichnen Sie die Vorgänge in der Schnittstelle, die Teil des Dienstvertrags mit dem OperationContractAttribute sind, und legen Sie sie als einseitig fest, da keine Antwort an die Methode zurückgegeben wird. Im folgenden Codebeispiel wird ein Dienstvertrag mit seiner Vorgangsdefinition dargestellt.

    [ServiceContract(Namespace="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public interface IOrderProcessor
    {
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po);
    }
    
    <ServiceContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
    Public Interface IOrderProcessor
        <OperationContract(IsOneWay:=True)> _
        Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder)
    End Interface
    
  2. Wenn der Dienstvertrag benutzerdefinierte Typen übergibt, müssen Sie Datenverträge für diese Typen definieren. Der folgende Code stellt zwei Datenverträge dar: PurchaseOrder und PurchaseOrderLineItem. Die beiden Typen definieren die Daten, die an den Dienst gesendet werden. (Beachten Sie, dass die Klassen, die diesen Datenvertrag definieren, auch eine Reihe von Methoden definieren. Diese Methoden werden nicht als Teil des Datenvertrags betrachtet. Nur die Member, die mit dem DataMemberAttribute -Attribut deklariert werden, sind Teil des Datenvertrags.)

    [DataContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public class PurchaseOrder
    {
        static readonly string[] OrderStates = { "Pending", "Processed", "Shipped" };
        static Random statusIndexer = new Random(137);
    
        [DataMember]
        public string PONumber;
    
        [DataMember]
        public string CustomerId;
    
        [DataMember]
        public PurchaseOrderLineItem[] orderLineItems;
    
        public float TotalCost
        {
            get
            {
                float totalCost = 0;
                foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems)
                    totalCost += lineItem.TotalCost;
                return totalCost;
            }
        }
    
        public string Status
        {
            get
            {
                return OrderStates[statusIndexer.Next(3)];
            }
        }
    
        public override string ToString()
        {
            System.Text.StringBuilder strbuf = new System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " + PONumber + "\n");
            strbuf.Append("\tCustomer: " + CustomerId + "\n");
            strbuf.Append("\tOrderDetails\n");
    
            foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems)
            {
                strbuf.Append("\t\t" + lineItem.ToString());
            }
    
            strbuf.Append("\tTotal cost of this order: $" + TotalCost + "\n");
            strbuf.Append("\tOrder status: " + Status + "\n");
            return strbuf.ToString();
        }
    }
    
    <DataContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
    Public Class PurchaseOrder
        Private Shared ReadOnly OrderStates() As String = {"Pending", "Processed", "Shipped"}
        Private Shared statusIndexer As New Random(137)
    
        <DataMember> _
        Public PONumber As String
    
        <DataMember> _
        Public CustomerId As String
    
        <DataMember> _
        Public orderLineItems() As PurchaseOrderLineItem
    
        Public ReadOnly Property TotalCost() As Single
            Get
                Dim totalCost_Renamed As Single = 0
                For Each lineItem In orderLineItems
                    totalCost_Renamed += lineItem.TotalCost
                Next lineItem
                Return totalCost_Renamed
            End Get
        End Property
    
        Public ReadOnly Property Status() As String
            Get
                Return OrderStates(statusIndexer.Next(3))
            End Get
        End Property
    
        Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
            Dim strbuf As New System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " & PONumber & Constants.vbLf)
            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Customer: " & CustomerId & Constants.vbLf)
            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "OrderDetails" & Constants.vbLf)
    
            For Each lineItem In orderLineItems
                strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab + Constants.vbTab + lineItem.ToString())
            Next lineItem
    
            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Total cost of this order: $" & TotalCost + Constants.vbLf)
            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Order status: " & Status + Constants.vbLf)
            Return strbuf.ToString()
        End Function
    End Class
    
  3. Implementieren Sie die Methoden des Dienstvertrags, die in der Schnittstelle in einer Klasse definiert sind.

    public class OrderProcessorService : IOrderProcessor
    {
        [OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired = true, TransactionAutoComplete = true)]
        public void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po)
        {
            Orders.Add(po);
            Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po);
        }
    }
    
    Public Class OrderProcessorService
        Implements IOrderProcessor
        <OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired:=True, TransactionAutoComplete:=True)> _
        Public Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder) Implements IOrderProcessor.SubmitPurchaseOrder
            Orders.Add(po)
            Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po)
        End Sub
    End Class
    

    Beachten Sie, dass das OperationBehaviorAttribute für die SubmitPurchaseOrder-Methode festgelegt ist. Hiermit wird angegeben, dass der Vorgang in einer Transaktion aufgerufen werden muss und dass die Transaktion automatisch beendet wird, wenn die Methode beendet wird.

  4. Erstellen Sie eine Transaktionswarteschlange mit System.Messaging. Sie können die Warteschlange stattdessen auch mit der Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Microsoft Management Console (MMC) erstellen. Erstellen Sie in diesem Fall unbedingt eine Transaktionswarteschlange.

    // Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary.
    if (!MessageQueue.Exists(queueName))
        MessageQueue.Create(queueName, true);
    
    ' Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary.
    If (Not MessageQueue.Exists(queueName)) Then
        MessageQueue.Create(queueName, True)
    End If
    
  5. Definieren Sie einen ServiceEndpoint in einer Konfiguration, der die Dienstadresse festlegt und die Standard-NetMsmqBinding-Bindung verwendet. Weitere Informationen zur Verwendung der WCF-Konfiguration finden Sie unter Konfigurieren von WCF-Diensten.

  6. Erstellen Sie einen Host für den OrderProcessing-Dienst mit ServiceHost, der Nachrichten aus der Warteschlange liest und sie verarbeitet. Öffnen Sie den Diensthost, um den Dienst verfügbar zu machen. Zeigen Sie eine Meldung an, die den Benutzer darüber informiert, dass er den Dienst durch Drücken einer beliebigen Taste beenden kann. Rufen Sie ReadLine auf, damit auf das Drücken einer Taste gewartet und dann der Dienst geschlossen wird.

    // Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type.
    using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(OrderProcessorService)))
    {
        // Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages.
        serviceHost.Open();
    
        // The service can now be accessed.
        Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
        Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.ReadLine();
    
        // Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service.
        serviceHost.Close();
    }
    
    ' Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type.
    Using serviceHost As New ServiceHost(GetType(OrderProcessorService))
        ' Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages.
        serviceHost.Open()
    
        ' The service can now be accessed.
        Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.")
        Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.")
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.ReadLine()
    
        ' Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service.
        serviceHost.Close()
    End Using
    

So erstellen Sie einen Client für einen Dienst in der Warteschlange

  1. Das folgende Beispiel veranschaulicht, wie die Hostinganwendung ausgeführt und das Tool „Svcutil.exe“ verwendet wird, um den WCF-Client zu erstellen.

    svcutil http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service  
    
  2. Definieren Sie einen ServiceEndpoint in einer Konfiguration, die die Adresse festlegt und die Standard-NetMsmqBinding-Bindung verwendet, wie im folgenden Beispiel gezeigt.

  3. Erstellen Sie einen Transaktionsbereich zum Schreiben in die Transaktionswarteschlange, rufen Sie den SubmitPurchaseOrder-Vorgang auf, und schließen Sie den WCF-Client, wie im folgenden Beispiel gezeigt.

    //Create a transaction scope.
    using (TransactionScope scope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required))
    {
        // Make a queued call to submit the purchase order.
        client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po);
        // Complete the transaction.
        scope.Complete();
    }
    
    //Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
    client.Close();
    
    'Create a transaction scope.
    Using scope As New TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required)
        ' Make a queued call to submit the purchase order.
        client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po)
        ' Complete the transaction.
        scope.Complete()
    End Using
    
    'Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
    client.Close()
    

Beispiel

Die folgenden Beispiele veranschaulichen den Dienstcode, die Hostinganwendung, die App.config-Datei und den Clientcode, die für dieses Beispiel eingeschlossen werden.

// This is the service code
//  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.

using System;
using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Messaging;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Transactions;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
    // Define the purchase order line item.
    [DataContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public class PurchaseOrderLineItem
    {
        [DataMember]
        public string ProductId;

        [DataMember]
        public float UnitCost;

        [DataMember]
        public int Quantity;

        public override string ToString()
        {
            String displayString = "Order LineItem: " + Quantity + " of "  + ProductId + " @unit price: $" + UnitCost + "\n";
            return displayString;
        }

        public float TotalCost
        {
            get { return UnitCost * Quantity; }
        }
    }

    // Define the purchase order.
    [DataContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public class PurchaseOrder
    {
        static readonly string[] OrderStates = { "Pending", "Processed", "Shipped" };
        static Random statusIndexer = new Random(137);

        [DataMember]
        public string PONumber;

        [DataMember]
        public string CustomerId;

        [DataMember]
        public PurchaseOrderLineItem[] orderLineItems;

        public float TotalCost
        {
            get
            {
                float totalCost = 0;
                foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems)
                    totalCost += lineItem.TotalCost;
                return totalCost;
            }
        }

        public string Status
        {
            get
            {
                return OrderStates[statusIndexer.Next(3)];
            }
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            System.Text.StringBuilder strbuf = new System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " + PONumber + "\n");
            strbuf.Append("\tCustomer: " + CustomerId + "\n");
            strbuf.Append("\tOrderDetails\n");

            foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems)
            {
                strbuf.Append("\t\t" + lineItem.ToString());
            }

            strbuf.Append("\tTotal cost of this order: $" + TotalCost + "\n");
            strbuf.Append("\tOrder status: " + Status + "\n");
            return strbuf.ToString();
        }
    }

    // Order Processing Logic
    // Can replace with transaction-aware resource such as SQL or transacted hashtable to hold the purchase orders.
    // This example uses a non-transactional resource.
    public class Orders
    {
        static Dictionary<string, PurchaseOrder> purchaseOrders = new Dictionary<string, PurchaseOrder>();

        public static void Add(PurchaseOrder po)
        {
            purchaseOrders.Add(po.PONumber, po);
        }

        public static string GetOrderStatus(string poNumber)
        {
            PurchaseOrder po;
            if (purchaseOrders.TryGetValue(poNumber, out po))
                return po.Status;
            else
                return null;
        }

        public static void DeleteOrder(string poNumber)
        {
            if(purchaseOrders[poNumber] != null)
                purchaseOrders.Remove(poNumber);
        }
    }

    // Define a service contract.
    [ServiceContract(Namespace="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public interface IOrderProcessor
    {
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po);
    }

    // Service class that implements the service contract.
    // Added code to write output to the console window.
    public class OrderProcessorService : IOrderProcessor
    {
        [OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired = true, TransactionAutoComplete = true)]
        public void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po)
        {
            Orders.Add(po);
            Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po);
        }
    }
}
' This is the service code
'  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.

Imports System.ServiceModel.Channels
Imports System.Configuration
Imports System.Messaging
Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Transactions
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization
Imports System.Collections.Generic

Namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
    ' Define the purchase order line item.
    <DataContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
    Public Class PurchaseOrderLineItem
        <DataMember> _
        Public ProductId As String

        <DataMember> _
        Public UnitCost As Single

        <DataMember> _
        Public Quantity As Integer

        Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
            Dim displayString As String = "Order LineItem: " & Quantity & " of " & ProductId & " @unit price: $" & UnitCost + Constants.vbLf
            Return displayString
        End Function

        Public ReadOnly Property TotalCost() As Single
            Get
                Return UnitCost * Quantity
            End Get
        End Property
    End Class

    ' Define the purchase order.
    <DataContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
    Public Class PurchaseOrder
        Private Shared ReadOnly OrderStates() As String = {"Pending", "Processed", "Shipped"}
        Private Shared statusIndexer As New Random(137)

        <DataMember> _
        Public PONumber As String

        <DataMember> _
        Public CustomerId As String

        <DataMember> _
        Public orderLineItems() As PurchaseOrderLineItem

        Public ReadOnly Property TotalCost() As Single
            Get
                Dim totalCost_Renamed As Single = 0
                For Each lineItem In orderLineItems
                    totalCost_Renamed += lineItem.TotalCost
                Next lineItem
                Return totalCost_Renamed
            End Get
        End Property

        Public ReadOnly Property Status() As String
            Get
                Return OrderStates(statusIndexer.Next(3))
            End Get
        End Property

        Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
            Dim strbuf As New System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " & PONumber & Constants.vbLf)
            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Customer: " & CustomerId & Constants.vbLf)
            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "OrderDetails" & Constants.vbLf)

            For Each lineItem In orderLineItems
                strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab + Constants.vbTab + lineItem.ToString())
            Next lineItem

            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Total cost of this order: $" & TotalCost + Constants.vbLf)
            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Order status: " & Status + Constants.vbLf)
            Return strbuf.ToString()
        End Function
    End Class

    ' Order Processing Logic
    ' Can replace with transaction-aware resource such as SQL or transacted hashtable to hold the purchase orders.
    ' This example uses a non-transactional resource.
    Public Class Orders
        Private Shared purchaseOrders As New Dictionary(Of String, PurchaseOrder)()

        Public Shared Sub Add(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder)
            purchaseOrders.Add(po.PONumber, po)
        End Sub

        Public Shared Function GetOrderStatus(ByVal poNumber As String) As String
            Dim po As PurchaseOrder = Nothing
            If purchaseOrders.TryGetValue(poNumber, po) Then
                Return po.Status
            Else
                Return Nothing
            End If
        End Function

        Public Shared Sub DeleteOrder(ByVal poNumber As String)
            If purchaseOrders(poNumber) IsNot Nothing Then
                purchaseOrders.Remove(poNumber)
            End If
        End Sub
    End Class

    ' Define a service contract. 
    <ServiceContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
    Public Interface IOrderProcessor
        <OperationContract(IsOneWay:=True)> _
        Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder)
    End Interface

    ' Service class that implements the service contract.
    ' Added code to write output to the console window.
    Public Class OrderProcessorService
        Implements IOrderProcessor
        <OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired:=True, TransactionAutoComplete:=True)> _
        Public Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder) Implements IOrderProcessor.SubmitPurchaseOrder
            Orders.Add(po)
            Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po)
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace
// This is the hosting application.

using System;
using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Messaging;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Transactions;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
    class hostApp
    {
        // Host the service within this EXE console application.
        public static void Main()
        {
            // Get MSMQ queue name from appsettings in configuration.
            string queueName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["queueName"];

            // Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary.
            if (!MessageQueue.Exists(queueName))
                MessageQueue.Create(queueName, true);

            // Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type.
            using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(OrderProcessorService)))
            {
                // Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages.
                serviceHost.Open();

                // The service can now be accessed.
                Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
                Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
                Console.WriteLine();
                Console.ReadLine();

                // Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service.
                serviceHost.Close();
            }
        }
    }
}
' This is the hosting application.

Imports System.ServiceModel.Channels
Imports System.Configuration
Imports System.Messaging
Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Transactions
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization
Imports System.Collections.Generic

Namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
    Friend Class hostApp
        ' Host the service within this EXE console application.
        Public Shared Sub Main()
            ' Get MSMQ queue name from appsettings in configuration.
            Dim queueName As String = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("queueName")

            ' Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary.
            If (Not MessageQueue.Exists(queueName)) Then
                MessageQueue.Create(queueName, True)
            End If

            ' Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type.
            Using serviceHost As New ServiceHost(GetType(OrderProcessorService))
                ' Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages.
                serviceHost.Open()

                ' The service can now be accessed.
                Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.")
                Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.")
                Console.WriteLine()
                Console.ReadLine()

                ' Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service.
                serviceHost.Close()
            End Using
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace
// This is the client code.
//  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.

using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Messaging;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Transactions;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
    //The service contract is defined in generatedClient.cs, generated from the service by the svcutil tool.

    //Client implementation code.
    class Client
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            // Create a client.
            OrderProcessorClient client = new OrderProcessorClient();

            // Create the purchase order.
            PurchaseOrder po = new PurchaseOrder();
            po.CustomerId = "somecustomer.com";
            po.PONumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

            PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem1 = new PurchaseOrderLineItem();
            lineItem1.ProductId = "Blue Widget";
            lineItem1.Quantity = 54;
            lineItem1.UnitCost = 29.99F;

            PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem2 = new PurchaseOrderLineItem();
            lineItem2.ProductId = "Red Widget";
            lineItem2.Quantity = 890;
            lineItem2.UnitCost = 45.89F;

            po.orderLineItems = new PurchaseOrderLineItem[2];
            po.orderLineItems[0] = lineItem1;
            po.orderLineItems[1] = lineItem2;

            //Create a transaction scope.
            using (TransactionScope scope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required))
            {
                // Make a queued call to submit the purchase order.
                client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po);
                // Complete the transaction.
                scope.Complete();
            }

            //Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
            client.Close();

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}
' This is the client code.
'  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.

Imports System.Configuration
Imports System.Messaging
Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Transactions

Namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
    'The service contract is defined in generatedClient.cs, generated from the service by the svcutil tool.

    'Client implementation code.
    Friend Class Client
        Shared Sub Main()
            ' Create a client.
            Dim client As New OrderProcessorClient()

            ' Create the purchase order.
            Dim po As New PurchaseOrder()
            po.CustomerId = "somecustomer.com"
            po.PONumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString()

            Dim lineItem1 As New PurchaseOrderLineItem()
            lineItem1.ProductId = "Blue Widget"
            lineItem1.Quantity = 54
            lineItem1.UnitCost = 29.99F

            Dim lineItem2 As New PurchaseOrderLineItem()
            lineItem2.ProductId = "Red Widget"
            lineItem2.Quantity = 890
            lineItem2.UnitCost = 45.89F

            po.orderLineItems = New PurchaseOrderLineItem(1) {}
            po.orderLineItems(0) = lineItem1
            po.orderLineItems(1) = lineItem2

            'Create a transaction scope.
            Using scope As New TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required)
                ' Make a queued call to submit the purchase order.
                client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po)
                ' Complete the transaction.
                scope.Complete()
            End Using

            'Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
            client.Close()

            Console.WriteLine()
            Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.")
            Console.ReadLine()
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace

Siehe auch