Vorgehensweise: Implementieren von CopyToDataTable<T> mit einem anderen generischen Typ T als DataRow

Das DataTable-Objekt wird oft für die Datenbindung verwendet. Die CopyToDataTable-Methode kopiert die Ergebnisse einer Abfrage in eine DataTable, die dann für die Datenbindung verwendet werden kann. Die CopyToDataTable-Methoden arbeiten allerdings nur mit einer IEnumerable<T>-Quelle, bei der der generische Parameter T den Typ DataRow aufweist. Obwohl dies hilfreich ist, können Tabellen dabei nicht aus einer Sequenz von Skalartypen, aus Abfragen, die anonyme Typen darstellen oder aus Abfragen, die Tabellenjoins durchführen, erstellt werden.

In diesem Thema wird beschrieben, wie zwei benutzerdefinierte CopyToDataTable<T>-Erweiterungsmethoden implementiert werden, die einen generischen Parameter T annehmen, der einen anderen Typ als DataRow aufweist. Die Logik zum Erstellen einer DataTable aus einer IEnumerable<T>-Quelle ist in der ObjectShredder<T>-Klasse enthalten, die wiederum von zwei überladenen CopyToDataTable<T>-Erweiterungsmethoden umschlossen wird. Die Shred-Methode der ObjectShredder<T>-Klasse gibt die gefüllte DataTable zurück und nimmt drei Eingabeparameter an: eine IEnumerable<T>-Quelle, eine DataTable und eine LoadOption-Enumeration. Das anfängliche Schema der zurückgegebenen DataTable basiert auf dem Schema des Typs T. Wenn eine vorhandene Tabelle als Eingabe bereitgestellt wird, muss deren Schema mit dem Schema des Typs T übereinstimmen. Jede öffentliche Eigenschaft und jedes Feld des Typs T wird in eine DataColumn in der zurückgegebenen Tabelle konvertiert. Wenn die Quellsequenz einen von T abgeleiteten Typ enthält, wird das zurückgegebene Tabellenschema um zusätzliche öffentliche Eigeschaften bzw. Felder erweitert.

Beispiele für die Verwendung der benutzerdefinierten CopyToDataTable<T>-Methoden finden Sie unter Creating a DataTable From a Query (Erstellen einer DataTable aus einer Abfrage).

So implementieren Sie die benutzerdefinierten CopyToDataTable-<T-> -Methoden in Ihrer Anwendung

  1. Implementieren Sie die ObjectShredder<T>-Klasse, um eine DataTable aus einer IEnumerable<T>-Quelle zu erstellen:

    public class ObjectShredder<T>
    {
        readonly FieldInfo[] _fi;
        readonly PropertyInfo[] _pi;
        readonly Dictionary<string, int> _ordinalMap;
        readonly Type _type;
    
        // ObjectShredder constructor.
        public ObjectShredder()
        {
            _type = typeof(T);
            _fi = _type.GetFields();
            _pi = _type.GetProperties();
            _ordinalMap = new Dictionary<string, int>();
        }
    
        /// <summary>
        /// Loads a DataTable from a sequence of objects.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="source">The sequence of objects to load into the DataTable.</param>
        /// <param name="table">The input table. The schema of the table must match that
        /// the type T.  If the table is null, a new table is created with a schema
        /// created from the public properties and fields of the type T.</param>
        /// <param name="options">Specifies how values from the source sequence will be applied to
        /// existing rows in the table.</param>
        /// <returns>A DataTable created from the source sequence.</returns>
        public DataTable Shred(IEnumerable<T> source, DataTable table, LoadOption? options)
        {
            // Load the table from the scalar sequence if T is a primitive type.
            if (typeof(T).IsPrimitive)
            {
                return ShredPrimitive(source, table, options);
            }
    
            // Create a new table if the input table is null.
            table ??= new DataTable(typeof(T).Name);
    
            // Initialize the ordinal map and extend the table schema based on type T.
            table = ExtendTable(table, typeof(T));
    
            // Enumerate the source sequence and load the object values into rows.
            table.BeginLoadData();
            foreach (T item in source)
            {
                if (options != null)
                {
                    table.LoadDataRow(ShredObject(table, item), (LoadOption)options);
                }
                else
                {
                    table.LoadDataRow(ShredObject(table, item), true);
                }
            }
            table.EndLoadData();
    
            // Return the table.
            return table;
        }
    
        public DataTable ShredPrimitive(IEnumerable<T> source, DataTable table, LoadOption? options)
        {
            // Create a new table if the input table is null.
            table ??= new DataTable(typeof(T).Name);
    
            if (!table.Columns.Contains("Value"))
            {
                table.Columns.Add("Value", typeof(T));
            }
    
            // Enumerate the source sequence and load the scalar values into rows.
            table.BeginLoadData();
            using (IEnumerator<T> e = source.GetEnumerator())
            {
                var values = new object[table.Columns.Count];
                while (e.MoveNext())
                {
                    values[table.Columns["Value"].Ordinal] = e.Current;
    
                    if (options != null)
                    {
                        table.LoadDataRow(values, (LoadOption)options);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        table.LoadDataRow(values, true);
                    }
                }
            }
            table.EndLoadData();
    
            // Return the table.
            return table;
        }
    
        public object[] ShredObject(DataTable table, T instance)
        {
            FieldInfo[] fi = _fi;
            PropertyInfo[] pi = _pi;
    
            if (instance.GetType() != typeof(T))
            {
                // If the instance is derived from T, extend the table schema
                // and get the properties and fields.
                ExtendTable(table, instance.GetType());
                fi = instance.GetType().GetFields();
                pi = instance.GetType().GetProperties();
            }
    
            // Add the property and field values of the instance to an array.
            var values = new object[table.Columns.Count];
            foreach (FieldInfo f in fi)
            {
                values[_ordinalMap[f.Name]] = f.GetValue(instance);
            }
    
            foreach (PropertyInfo p in pi)
            {
                values[_ordinalMap[p.Name]] = p.GetValue(instance, null);
            }
    
            // Return the property and field values of the instance.
            return values;
        }
    
        public DataTable ExtendTable(DataTable table, Type type)
        {
            // Extend the table schema if the input table was null or if the value
            // in the sequence is derived from type T.
            foreach (FieldInfo f in type.GetFields())
            {
                if (!_ordinalMap.ContainsKey(f.Name))
                {
                    // Add the field as a column in the table if it doesn't exist
                    // already.
                    DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(f.Name) ? table.Columns[f.Name]
                        : table.Columns.Add(f.Name, f.FieldType);
    
                    // Add the field to the ordinal map.
                    _ordinalMap.Add(f.Name, dc.Ordinal);
                }
            }
            foreach (PropertyInfo p in type.GetProperties())
            {
                if (!_ordinalMap.ContainsKey(p.Name))
                {
                    // Add the property as a column in the table if it doesn't exist
                    // already.
                    DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(p.Name) ? table.Columns[p.Name]
                        : table.Columns.Add(p.Name, p.PropertyType);
    
                    // Add the property to the ordinal map.
                    _ordinalMap.Add(p.Name, dc.Ordinal);
                }
            }
    
            // Return the table.
            return table;
        }
    }
    
    Public Class ObjectShredder(Of T)
        ' Fields
        Private _fi As FieldInfo()
        Private _ordinalMap As Dictionary(Of String, Integer)
        Private _pi As PropertyInfo()
        Private _type As Type
    
        ' Constructor 
        Public Sub New()
            Me._type = GetType(T)
            Me._fi = Me._type.GetFields
            Me._pi = Me._type.GetProperties
            Me._ordinalMap = New Dictionary(Of String, Integer)
        End Sub
    
        Public Function ShredObject(ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal instance As T) As Object()
            Dim fi As FieldInfo() = Me._fi
            Dim pi As PropertyInfo() = Me._pi
            If (Not instance.GetType Is GetType(T)) Then
                ' If the instance is derived from T, extend the table schema
                ' and get the properties and fields.
                Me.ExtendTable(table, instance.GetType)
                fi = instance.GetType.GetFields
                pi = instance.GetType.GetProperties
            End If
    
            ' Add the property and field values of the instance to an array.
            Dim values As Object() = New Object(table.Columns.Count - 1) {}
            Dim f As FieldInfo
            For Each f In fi
                values(Me._ordinalMap.Item(f.Name)) = f.GetValue(instance)
            Next
            Dim p As PropertyInfo
            For Each p In pi
                values(Me._ordinalMap.Item(p.Name)) = p.GetValue(instance, Nothing)
            Next
    
            ' Return the property and field values of the instance.
            Return values
        End Function
    
    
        ' Summary:           Loads a DataTable from a sequence of objects.
        ' source parameter:  The sequence of objects to load into the DataTable.</param>
        ' table parameter:   The input table. The schema of the table must match that 
        '                    the type T.  If the table is null, a new table is created  
        '                    with a schema created from the public properties and fields 
        '                    of the type T.
        ' options parameter: Specifies how values from the source sequence will be applied to 
        '                    existing rows in the table.
        ' Returns:           A DataTable created from the source sequence.
    
        Public Function Shred(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal options As LoadOption?) As DataTable
    
            ' Load the table from the scalar sequence if T is a primitive type.
            If GetType(T).IsPrimitive Then
                Return Me.ShredPrimitive(source, table, options)
            End If
    
            ' Create a new table if the input table is null.
            If (table Is Nothing) Then
                table = New DataTable(GetType(T).Name)
            End If
    
            ' Initialize the ordinal map and extend the table schema based on type T.
            table = Me.ExtendTable(table, GetType(T))
    
            ' Enumerate the source sequence and load the object values into rows.
            table.BeginLoadData()
            Using e As IEnumerator(Of T) = source.GetEnumerator
                Do While e.MoveNext
                    If options.HasValue Then
                        table.LoadDataRow(Me.ShredObject(table, e.Current), options.Value)
                    Else
                        table.LoadDataRow(Me.ShredObject(table, e.Current), True)
                    End If
                Loop
            End Using
            table.EndLoadData()
    
            ' Return the table.
            Return table
        End Function
    
    
        Public Function ShredPrimitive(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal options As LoadOption?) As DataTable
            ' Create a new table if the input table is null.
            If (table Is Nothing) Then
                table = New DataTable(GetType(T).Name)
            End If
            If Not table.Columns.Contains("Value") Then
                table.Columns.Add("Value", GetType(T))
            End If
    
            ' Enumerate the source sequence and load the scalar values into rows.
            table.BeginLoadData()
            Using e As IEnumerator(Of T) = source.GetEnumerator
                Dim values As Object() = New Object(table.Columns.Count - 1) {}
                Do While e.MoveNext
                    values(table.Columns.Item("Value").Ordinal) = e.Current
                    If options.HasValue Then
                        table.LoadDataRow(values, options.Value)
                    Else
                        table.LoadDataRow(values, True)
                    End If
                Loop
            End Using
            table.EndLoadData()
    
            ' Return the table.
            Return table
        End Function
    
        Public Function ExtendTable(ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal type As Type) As DataTable
            ' Extend the table schema if the input table was null or if the value 
            ' in the sequence is derived from type T.
            Dim f As FieldInfo
            Dim p As PropertyInfo
    
            For Each f In type.GetFields
                If Not Me._ordinalMap.ContainsKey(f.Name) Then
                    Dim dc As DataColumn
    
                    ' Add the field as a column in the table if it doesn't exist
                    ' already.
                    dc = IIf(table.Columns.Contains(f.Name), table.Columns.Item(f.Name), table.Columns.Add(f.Name, f.FieldType))
    
                    ' Add the field to the ordinal map.
                    Me._ordinalMap.Add(f.Name, dc.Ordinal)
                End If
    
            Next
    
            For Each p In type.GetProperties
                If Not Me._ordinalMap.ContainsKey(p.Name) Then
                    ' Add the property as a column in the table if it doesn't exist
                    ' already.
                    Dim dc As DataColumn
                    dc = IIf(table.Columns.Contains(p.Name), table.Columns.Item(p.Name), table.Columns.Add(p.Name, p.PropertyType))
    
                    ' Add the property to the ordinal map.
                    Me._ordinalMap.Add(p.Name, dc.Ordinal)
                End If
            Next
    
            ' Return the table.
            Return table
        End Function
    
    End Class
    

    Im vorherigen Beispiel wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Eigenschaften und Felder der DataColumn keine Nullwertetypen sind. Verwenden Sie den folgenden Code, um Eigenschaften und Felder mit Nullwerttypen zu behandeln:

    // Nullable-aware code for properties.
    DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(p.Name) ? table.Columns[p.Name] : table.Columns.Add(p.Name, Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(p.PropertyType) ?? p.PropertyType);
    
    // Nullable-aware code for fields.
    DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(f.Name) ? table.Columns[f.Name] : table.Columns.Add(f.Name, Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(f.FieldType) ?? f.FieldType);
    
  2. Implementieren Sie die benutzerdefinierten CopyToDataTable<T>-Erweiterungsmethoden in einer Klasse:

    public static class CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods
    {
        public static DataTable CopyToDataTable<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source) =>
            new ObjectShredder<T>().Shred(source, null, null);
    
        public static DataTable CopyToDataTable<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source,
                                                    DataTable table, LoadOption? options) =>
            new ObjectShredder<T>().Shred(source, table, options);
    }
    
    Public Module CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods
        <Extension()> _
        Public Function CopyToDataTable(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T)) As DataTable
            Return New ObjectShredder(Of T)().Shred(source, Nothing, Nothing)
        End Function
    
        <Extension()> _
        Public Function CopyToDataTable(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal options As LoadOption?) As DataTable
            Return New ObjectShredder(Of T)().Shred(source, table, options)
        End Function
    
    End Module
    
  3. Fügen Sie die ObjectShredder<T>-Klasse und die CopyToDataTable<T>-Erweiterungsmethoden Ihrer Anwendung hinzu.

Module Module1
    Sub Main()
        ' Your application code using CopyToDataTable<T>.
    End Sub
End Module

Public Module CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods
…
End Module

Public Class ObjectShredder(Of T)
…
End Class
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Your application code using CopyToDataTable<T>.
    }
}
public static class CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods
{
…
}
public class ObjectShredder<T>
{
…
}

Siehe auch