Gewusst wie: Zeitliche Steuerung einer Keyframe-Animation
Aktualisiert: November 2007
Dieses Beispiel zeigt, wie Keyframes innerhalb einer Keyframe-Animation zeitlich gesteuert werden können. Wie andere Animationen, verfügen auch Keyframe-Animationen über eine Duration-Eigenschaft. Zusätzlich zu der Animationsdauer muss auch angegeben werden, welcher Teil dieser Dauer den einzelnen Keyframes zugewiesen wird. Um die Zeit zuzuweisen, wird eine KeyTime für jeden Keyframe in der Animation angegeben.
Die KeyTime gibt das Ende für jeden Keyframe an (es wird nicht angegeben, wie lange ein Keyframe läuft). Sie können eine KeyTime als TimeSpan-Wert, in Prozent oder als speziellen Uniform- oder Paced-Wert angeben.
Beispiel
Im folgenden Beispiel wird DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames verwendet, um ein Rechteck über den Bildschirm zu bewegen. Die Schlüsselzeiten der Keyframes werden mit TimeSpan-Werten festgelegt.
/*
This Rectangle is animated with KeyTimes using TimeSpan Values.
It moves horizontally to 100 in the first 3 seconds, 100 to 300 in
the next second, and 300 to 500 in the last 6 seconds.
*/
// Create the a rectangle.
Rectangle aRectangle = new Rectangle();
aRectangle.Fill = Brushes.Blue;
aRectangle.Stroke = Brushes.Black;
aRectangle.StrokeThickness = 5;
aRectangle.Width = 50;
aRectangle.Height = 50;
// Create a transform to move the rectangle
// across the screen.
TranslateTransform translateTransform1 =
new TranslateTransform();
aRectangle.RenderTransform = translateTransform1;
// Create a DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames
// to animate the transform.
DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames transformAnimation =
new DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames();
transformAnimation.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
// Animate to 100 at 3 seconds.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(100, KeyTime.FromTimeSpan(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3))));
// Animate to 300 at 4 seconds.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(300, KeyTime.FromTimeSpan(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(4))));
// Animate to 500 at 10 seconds.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(500, KeyTime.FromTimeSpan(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10))));
// Start the animation when the rectangle is loaded.
aRectangle.Loaded += delegate(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
translateTransform1.BeginAnimation(TranslateTransform.XProperty, transformAnimation);
};
<!-- This Rectangle is animated with KeyTimes using TimeSpan Values.
It moves horizontally to 100 in the first 3 seconds, 100 to 300 in
the next second, and 300 to 500 in the last 6 seconds. -->
<Rectangle Fill="Blue" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="5"
Width="50" Height="50">
<Rectangle.RenderTransform>
<TranslateTransform x:Name="TranslateTransform1" />
</Rectangle.RenderTransform>
<Rectangle.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Rectangle.Loaded">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames
Storyboard.TargetName="TranslateTransform1"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="X"
Duration="0:0:10">
<!-- These KeyTime properties are specified as TimeSpan values
which are in the form of "hours:minutes:seconds". -->
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="100" KeyTime="0:0:3" />
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="300" KeyTime="0:0:4" />
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="500" KeyTime="0:0:10" />
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
</Rectangle.Triggers>
</Rectangle>
Die folgende Abbildung zeigt, wann der Wert jedes Keyframes erreicht ist.
.png)
Das folgende Beispiel zeigt eine beinah identische Animation, bei der jedoch die Schlüsselzeiten der Keyframes mit Prozentwerten festgelegt sind.
/*
This rectangle moves horizontally to 100 in the first 3 seconds,
100 to 300 in the next second, and 300 to 500 in the last 6 seconds.
*/
// Create the a rectangle.
Rectangle aRectangle = new Rectangle();
aRectangle.Fill = Brushes.Purple;
aRectangle.Stroke = Brushes.Black;
aRectangle.StrokeThickness = 5;
aRectangle.Width = 50;
aRectangle.Height = 50;
// Create a transform to move the rectangle
// across the screen.
TranslateTransform translateTransform2 =
new TranslateTransform();
aRectangle.RenderTransform = translateTransform2;
// Create a DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames
// to animate the transform.
DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames transformAnimation =
new DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames();
transformAnimation.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
// Animate to 100 at 30% of the animation's duration.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(100, KeyTime.FromPercent(0.3)));
// Animate to 300 at 40% of the animation's duration.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(300, KeyTime.FromPercent(0.4)));
// Animate to 500 at 100% of the animation's duration.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(500, KeyTime.FromPercent(1.0)));
// Start the animation when the rectangle is loaded.
aRectangle.Loaded += delegate(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
translateTransform2.BeginAnimation(TranslateTransform.XProperty, transformAnimation);
};
<!-- This rectangle moves horizontally to 100 in the first 3 seconds,
100 to 300 in the next second, and 300 to 500 in the last 6 seconds.-->
<Rectangle Fill="Purple" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="5"
Width="50" Height="50">
<Rectangle.RenderTransform>
<TranslateTransform x:Name="TranslateTransform2" />
</Rectangle.RenderTransform>
<Rectangle.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Rectangle.Loaded">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames
Storyboard.TargetName="TranslateTransform2"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="X"
Duration="0:0:10">
<!-- KeyTime properties are expressed as Percentages. -->
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="100" KeyTime="30%" />
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="300" KeyTime="40%" />
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="500" KeyTime="100%" />
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
</Rectangle.Triggers>
</Rectangle>
Die folgende Abbildung zeigt, wann der Wert jedes Keyframes erreicht ist.
.png)
Im folgenden Beispiel werden Uniform-Schlüsselzeitwerte verwendet.
/*
This rectangle is animated with KeyTimes using Uniform values.
Goes to 100 in the first 3.3 seconds, 100 to
300 in the next 3.3 seconds, 300 to 500 in the last 3.3 seconds.
*/
// Create the a rectangle.
Rectangle aRectangle = new Rectangle();
aRectangle.Fill = Brushes.Red;
aRectangle.Stroke = Brushes.Black;
aRectangle.StrokeThickness = 5;
aRectangle.Width = 50;
aRectangle.Height = 50;
// Create a transform to move the rectangle
// across the screen.
TranslateTransform translateTransform3 =
new TranslateTransform();
aRectangle.RenderTransform = translateTransform3;
// Create a DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames
// to animate the transform.
DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames transformAnimation =
new DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames();
transformAnimation.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
/*
KeyTime properties are expressed with values of Uniform. When a key time is set to
"Uniform" the total allotted time of the animation is divided evenly between key frames.
In this example, the total duration of the animation is ten seconds and there are four
key frames each of which are set to "Uniform", therefore, the duration of each key frame
is 3.3 seconds (10/3).
*/
// Animate to 100.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(100, KeyTime.Uniform));
// Animate to 300.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(300, KeyTime.Uniform));
// Animate to 500.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(500, KeyTime.Uniform));
// Start the animation when the rectangle is loaded.
aRectangle.Loaded += delegate(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
translateTransform3.BeginAnimation(TranslateTransform.XProperty, transformAnimation);
};
<!-- This rectangle is animated with KeyTimes using Uniform values.
Goes to 100 in the first 3.3 seconds, 100 to
300 in the next 3.3 seconds, 300 to 500 in the last 3.3 seconds. -->
<Rectangle Fill="Red" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="5"
Width="50" Height="50">
<Rectangle.RenderTransform>
<TranslateTransform x:Name="TranslateTransform3" />
</Rectangle.RenderTransform>
<Rectangle.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Rectangle.Loaded">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames
Storyboard.TargetName="TranslateTransform3"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="X"
Duration="0:0:10">
<!-- KeyTime properties are expressed with values of Uniform. When a key time is set to
"Uniform" the total allotted time of the animation is divided evenly between key frames.
In this example, the total duration of the animation is ten seconds and there are four
key frames each of which are set to "Uniform", therefore, the duration of each key frame
is 3.3 seconds (10/3). -->
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="100" KeyTime="Uniform" />
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="300" KeyTime="Uniform" />
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="500" KeyTime="Uniform" />
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
</Rectangle.Triggers>
</Rectangle>
Die folgende Abbildung zeigt, wann der Wert jedes Keyframes erreicht ist.
.png)
Im abschließenden Beispiel werden Paced-Schlüsselzeitwerte verwendet.
/*
This rectangle is animated with KeyTimes using Paced Values.
The rectangle moves between key frames at uniform rate except for first key frame
because using a Paced value on the first KeyFrame in a collection of frames gives a time of zero.
*/
// Create the a rectangle.
Rectangle aRectangle = new Rectangle();
aRectangle.Fill = Brushes.Orange;
aRectangle.Stroke = Brushes.Black;
aRectangle.StrokeThickness = 5;
aRectangle.Width = 50;
aRectangle.Height = 50;
// Create a transform to move the rectangle
// across the screen.
TranslateTransform translateTransform4 =
new TranslateTransform();
aRectangle.RenderTransform = translateTransform4;
// Create a DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames
// to animate the transform.
DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames transformAnimation =
new DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames();
transformAnimation.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
/*
Use Paced values when a constant rate is desired.
The time allocated to a key frame with a KeyTime of "Paced" is
determined by the time allocated to the other key frames of the animation. This time is
calculated to attempt to give a "paced" or "constant velocity" for the animation.
*/
// Animate to 100.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(100, KeyTime.Paced));
// Animate to 300.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(300, KeyTime.Paced));
// Animate to 500.
transformAnimation.KeyFrames.Add(
new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(500, KeyTime.Paced));
// Start the animation when the rectangle is loaded.
aRectangle.Loaded += delegate(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
translateTransform4.BeginAnimation(TranslateTransform.XProperty, transformAnimation);
};
<!-- This rectangle is animated with KeyTimes using Paced Values.
The rectangle moves between key frames at uniform rate except for first key frame
because using a Paced value on the first KeyFrame in a collection of frames gives a time of zero. -->
<Rectangle Fill="Orange" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="5"
Width="50" Height="50">
<Rectangle.RenderTransform>
<TranslateTransform x:Name="TranslateTransform4" />
</Rectangle.RenderTransform>
<Rectangle.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Rectangle.Loaded">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames
Storyboard.TargetName="TranslateTransform4"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="X"
Duration="0:0:10">
<!-- Use Paced values when a constant rate is desired.
The time allocated to a key frame with a KeyTime of "Paced" is
determined by the time allocated to the other key frames of the animation. This time is
calculated to attempt to give a "paced" or "constant velocity" for the animation. -->
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="100" KeyTime="Paced" />
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="300" KeyTime="Paced" />
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="500" KeyTime="Paced" />
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
</Rectangle.Triggers>
</Rectangle>
Die folgende Abbildung zeigt, wann der Wert jedes Keyframes erreicht ist.
.png)
Der Einfachheit halber verwenden die Codeversionen dieses Beispiels lokale Animationen statt Storyboards, da nur eine Animation auf eine Eigenschaft angewendet wird. Das Beispiel kann jedoch auch für den Gebrauch von Storyboards geändert werden. Ein Beispiel für ein im Code deklariertes Storyboard finden Sie unter Gewusst wie: Animieren einer Eigenschaft unter Verwendung eines Storyboards.
Das vollständige Beispiel finden Sie unter Beispiel für eine Keyframe-Animation. Weitere Informationen zu Keyframe-Animationen finden Sie unter Übersicht über Keyframe-Animationen.
Siehe auch
Konzepte
Übersicht über Keyframe-Animationen