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Aufrufen eines Steuerelements mithilfe von Benutzeroberflächenautomatisierung

HinweisHinweis

Diese Dokumentation ist für .NET Framework-Entwickler vorgesehen, die die verwalteten UI Automation-Klassen verwenden möchten, die im System.Windows.Automation-Namespace definiert sind.Aktuelle Informationen zu UI Automation finden Sie unter Windows Automation API: UI Automation.

In diesem Thema wird das Ausführen der folgenden Aufgaben veranschaulicht:

  • Finden eines mit bestimmten Eigenschaftenbedingungen übereinstimmenden Steuerelements durch Durchlaufen der Steuerelementansicht der UI Automation-Struktur für die Zielanwendung

  • Erstellen von AutomationElement für jedes Steuerelement

  • Abrufen eines InvokePattern-Objekts aus einem beliebigen gefundenen UI Automation-Element, welches das InvokePattern-Steuerelementmuster unterstützt

  • Aufrufen des Steuerelements aus einem Clientereignishandler mithilfe von Invoke

Beispiel

Dieses Beispiel generiert mit der TryGetCurrentPattern-Methode der AutomationElement-Klasse ein InvokePattern-Objekt und ruft ein Steuerelement mithilfe der Invoke-Methode auf.

        '''--------------------------------------------------------------------
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Walks the UI Automation tree of the target and reports the control 
        ''' type of each element it finds in the control view to the client.
        ''' </summary>
        ''' <param name="targetTreeViewElement">
        ''' The root of the search on this iteration.
        ''' </param>
        ''' <param name="treeviewIndex">
        ''' The TreeView index for this iteration.
        ''' </param>
        ''' <remarks>
        ''' This is a recursive function that maps out the structure of the 
        ''' subtree beginning at the AutomationElement passed in as 
        ''' rootElement on the first call. This could be, for example,
        ''' an application window.
        ''' CAUTION: Do not pass in AutomationElement.RootElement. Attempting 
        ''' to map out the entire subtree of the desktop could take a very 
        ''' long time and even lead to a stack overflow.
        ''' </remarks>
        '''--------------------------------------------------------------------
        Private Sub FindTreeViewDescendants( _
        ByVal targetTreeViewElement As AutomationElement, _
        ByVal treeviewIndex As Integer)
            If (IsNothing(targetTreeViewElement)) Then
                Return
            End If

            Dim elementNode As AutomationElement = _
            TreeWalker.ControlViewWalker.GetFirstChild(targetTreeViewElement)

            While Not (elementNode Is Nothing)
                Dim elementInfo As New Label()
                elementInfo.Margin = New Thickness(0)
                clientTreeViews(treeviewIndex).Children.Add(elementInfo)

                ' Compile information about the control.
                elementInfoCompile = New StringBuilder()
                Dim controlName As String
                If (elementNode.Current.Name = "") Then
                    controlName = "Unnamed control"
                Else
                    controlName = elementNode.Current.Name
                End If
                Dim autoIdName As String
                If (elementNode.Current.AutomationId = "") Then
                    autoIdName = "No AutomationID"
                Else
                    autoIdName = elementNode.Current.AutomationId
                End If


                elementInfoCompile.Append(controlName).Append(" (") _
                .Append(elementNode.Current.ControlType.LocalizedControlType) _
                .Append(" - ").Append(autoIdName).Append(")")

                ' Test for the control patterns of interest for this sample.
                Dim objPattern As Object = Nothing
                Dim expcolPattern As ExpandCollapsePattern
                If True = elementNode.TryGetCurrentPattern(ExpandCollapsePattern.Pattern, objPattern) Then
                    expcolPattern = DirectCast(objPattern, ExpandCollapsePattern)
                    If expcolPattern.Current.ExpandCollapseState <> ExpandCollapseState.LeafNode Then
                        Dim expcolButton As New Button()
                        expcolButton.Margin = New Thickness(0, 0, 0, 5)
                        expcolButton.Height = 20
                        expcolButton.Width = 100
                        expcolButton.Content = "ExpandCollapse"
                        expcolButton.Tag = expcolPattern
                        AddHandler expcolButton.Click, AddressOf ExpandCollapse_Click
                        clientTreeViews(treeviewIndex).Children.Add(expcolButton)
                    End If
                End If
                Dim togPattern As TogglePattern
                If True = elementNode.TryGetCurrentPattern(TogglePattern.Pattern, objPattern) Then
                    togPattern = DirectCast(objPattern, TogglePattern)
                    Dim togButton As New Button()
                    togButton.Margin = New Thickness(0, 0, 0, 5)
                    togButton.Height = 20
                    togButton.Width = 100
                    togButton.Content = "Toggle"
                    togButton.Tag = togPattern
                    AddHandler togButton.Click, AddressOf Toggle_Click
                    clientTreeViews(treeviewIndex).Children.Add(togButton)
                End If
                Dim invPattern As InvokePattern
                If True = elementNode.TryGetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern, objPattern) Then
                    invPattern = DirectCast(objPattern, InvokePattern)
                    Dim invButton As New Button()
                    invButton.Margin = New Thickness(0)
                    invButton.Height = 20
                    invButton.Width = 100
                    invButton.Content = "Invoke"
                    invButton.Tag = invPattern
                    AddHandler invButton.Click, AddressOf Invoke_Click
                    clientTreeViews(treeviewIndex).Children.Add(invButton)
                End If
                ' Display compiled information about the control.
                elementInfo.Content = elementInfoCompile
                Dim sep As New Separator()
                clientTreeViews(treeviewIndex).Children.Add(sep)

                ' Iterate to next element.
                ' elementNode - Current element.
                ' treeviewIndex - Index of parent TreeView.
                FindTreeViewDescendants(elementNode, treeviewIndex)
                elementNode = TreeWalker.ControlViewWalker.GetNextSibling(elementNode)
            End While

        End Sub 'FindTreeViewDescendants



...


        '''--------------------------------------------------------------------
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Handles the Invoke click event on the client control. 
        ''' The client click handler calls Invoke() on the equivalent target control.
        ''' </summary>
        ''' <param name="sender">The object that raised the event.</param>
        ''' <param name="e">Event arguments.</param>
        ''' <remarks>
        ''' The Tag property of the FrameworkElement, the client button in this 
        ''' case, is used to store the InvokePattern object previously obtained 
        ''' from the associated target control.
        ''' </remarks>
        '''--------------------------------------------------------------------
        Private Sub Invoke_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As RoutedEventArgs)
            Dim clientButton As Button = DirectCast(sender, Button)
            Dim targetInvokePattern As InvokePattern = _
            DirectCast(clientButton.Tag, InvokePattern)
            If (IsNothing(targetInvokePattern)) Then
                Return
            End If
            targetInvokePattern.Invoke()
            statusText.Text = "Button invoked."
        End Sub 'Invoke_Click

///--------------------------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// Walks the UI Automation tree of the target and reports the control 
/// type of each element it finds in the control view to the client.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="targetTreeViewElement">
/// The root of the search on this iteration.
/// </param>
/// <param name="elementIndex">
/// The TreeView index for this iteration.
/// </param>
/// <remarks>
/// This is a recursive function that maps out the structure of the 
/// subtree of the target beginning at the AutomationElement passed in 
/// as the rootElement on the first call. This could be, for example,
/// an application window.
/// CAUTION: Do not pass in AutomationElement.RootElement. Attempting 
/// to map out the entire subtree of the desktop could take a very 
/// long time and even lead to a stack overflow.
/// </remarks>
///--------------------------------------------------------------------
private void FindTreeViewDescendants(
    AutomationElement targetTreeViewElement, int treeviewIndex)
{
    if (targetTreeViewElement == null)
        return;

    AutomationElement elementNode =
        TreeWalker.ControlViewWalker.GetFirstChild(targetTreeViewElement);

    while (elementNode != null)
    {
        Label elementInfo = new Label();
        elementInfo.Margin = new Thickness(0);
        clientTreeViews[treeviewIndex].Children.Add(elementInfo);

        // Compile information about the control.
        elementInfoCompile = new StringBuilder();
        string controlName =
            (elementNode.Current.Name == "") ?
            "Unnamed control" : elementNode.Current.Name;
        string autoIdName =
            (elementNode.Current.AutomationId == "") ?
            "No AutomationID" : elementNode.Current.AutomationId;

        elementInfoCompile.Append(controlName)
            .Append(" (")
            .Append(elementNode.Current.ControlType.LocalizedControlType)
            .Append(" - ")
            .Append(autoIdName)
            .Append(")");

        // Test for the control patterns of interest for this sample.
        object objPattern;
        ExpandCollapsePattern expcolPattern;
        if (true == elementNode.TryGetCurrentPattern(ExpandCollapsePattern.Pattern, out objPattern))
        {
            expcolPattern = objPattern as ExpandCollapsePattern;
            if (expcolPattern.Current.ExpandCollapseState != ExpandCollapseState.LeafNode)
            {
                Button expcolButton = new Button();
                expcolButton.Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 0, 5);
                expcolButton.Height = 20;
                expcolButton.Width = 100;
                expcolButton.Content = "ExpandCollapse";
                expcolButton.Tag = expcolPattern;
                expcolButton.Click +=
                    new RoutedEventHandler(ExpandCollapse_Click);
                clientTreeViews[treeviewIndex].Children.Add(expcolButton);
            }
        }
        TogglePattern togPattern;
        if (true == elementNode.TryGetCurrentPattern(TogglePattern.Pattern, out objPattern))
        {
            togPattern = objPattern as TogglePattern;
            Button togButton = new Button();
            togButton.Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 0, 5);
            togButton.Height = 20;
            togButton.Width = 100;
            togButton.Content = "Toggle";
            togButton.Tag = togPattern;
            togButton.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(Toggle_Click);
            clientTreeViews[treeviewIndex].Children.Add(togButton);
        }
        InvokePattern invPattern;
        if (true == elementNode.TryGetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern, out objPattern))
        {
            invPattern = objPattern as InvokePattern;
            Button invButton = new Button();
            invButton.Margin = new Thickness(0);
            invButton.Height = 20;
            invButton.Width = 100;
            invButton.Content = "Invoke";
            invButton.Tag = invPattern;
            invButton.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(Invoke_Click);
            clientTreeViews[treeviewIndex].Children.Add(invButton);
        }
        // Display compiled information about the control.
        elementInfo.Content = elementInfoCompile;
        Separator sep = new Separator();
        clientTreeViews[treeviewIndex].Children.Add(sep);

        // Iterate to next element.
        // elementNode - Current element.
        // treeviewIndex - Index of parent TreeView.
        FindTreeViewDescendants(elementNode, treeviewIndex);
        elementNode = 
            TreeWalker.ControlViewWalker.GetNextSibling(elementNode);
    }
}


...


///--------------------------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// Handles the Invoke click event on the client control. 
/// The client click handler calls Invoke() on the equivalent target control.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender">The object that raised the event.</param>
/// <param name="e">Event arguments.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// The Tag property of the FrameworkElement, the client button in this 
/// case, is used to store the InvokePattern object previously obtained 
/// from the associated target control.
/// </remarks>
///--------------------------------------------------------------------
void Invoke_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    Button clientButton = sender as Button;
    InvokePattern targetInvokePattern = clientButton.Tag as InvokePattern;
    if (targetInvokePattern == null)
        return;
    targetInvokePattern.Invoke();
    statusText.Text = "Button invoked.";
}

Siehe auch

Aufgaben

InvokePattern, ExpandCollapsePattern, and TogglePattern Sample