<shared_mutex>

Artikel
01/02/2018

The latest version of this topic can be found at <shared_mutex>.

The <shared_mutex> header provides synchronization primitives for protection of shared data that can be accessed by multiple threads. In addition to the exclusive access control provided by mutex classes, the shared mutex classes also allow shared ownership by multiple threads for non-exclusive access. Shared mutexes can be used to control resources that can be read by several threads without causing a race condition, but must be written exclusively by a single thread.

The header <shared_mutex> defines the classes shared_mutex and shared_timed_mutex, the template class shared_lock, and the template function swap for shared mutex support.

Classes	Description
shared_mutex Class	A shared mutex type that can be locked exclusively by one agent or shared non-exclusively by multiple agents.
shared_timed_mutex Class	A shared timed mutex type that can be locked exclusively by one agent or shared non-exclusively by multiple agents.
shared_lock Class	A template class that wraps a shared mutex to support timed lock operations and non-exclusive sharing by multiple agents.

Functions	Description
swap Function	Swaps the content of the shared mutex objects referenced by the function parameters.

Syntax

namespace std {
    class shared_mutex;
    class shared_timed_mutex;
    template <class Mutex>  
class shared_lock;
    template <class Mutex>  
void swap(shared_lock<Mutex>& x, shared_lock<Mutex>& y) noexcept;
}

Remarks

An instance of the class shared_mutex is a shared mutex type, a type that controls the shared ownership of a mutex within a scope. A shared mutex type meets all the requirements of a mutex type, as well as members to support shared non-exclusive ownership.

A shared mutex type supports the additional methods lock_shared, unlock_shared, and try_lock_shared:

The lock_shared method blocks the calling thread until the thread obtains shared ownership of the mutex.
The unlock_shared method releases shared ownership of the mutex held by the calling thread.
The try_lock_shared method tries to obtain shared ownership of the mutex without blocking. Its return type is convertible to bool and is true if the method obtains ownership, but is otherwise false.

The class shared_timed_mutex is a shared timed mutex type, a type that meets the requirements of both a shared mutex type and a timed mutex type.

A shared timed mutex type supports the additional methods try_lock_shared_for and try_lock_shared_until:

The try_lock_shared_for method attempts to obtain shared ownership of the mutex until the duration specified by the parameter has passed. If the duration is not positive, the method is equivalent to try_lock_shared. The method does not return within the duration specified unless shared ownership is obtained. Its return value is true if the method obtains ownership, but is otherwise false.
The try_lock_shared_until method attempts to obtain shared ownership of the mutex until the specified absolute time has passed. If the specified time has already passed, the method is equivalent to try_lock_shared. The method does not return before the time specified unless shared ownership is obtained. Its return value is true if the method obtains ownership, but is otherwise false.

The shared_lock template class extends support for timed locking and transfer of ownership to a shared mutex. Ownership of the mutex may be obtained at or after construction, and may be transferred to another shared_lock object. Objects of type shared_lock can be moved, but not copied.

Warning

The STL synchronization types in Visual Studio 2015 are based on Windows synchronization primitives and no longer use ConcRT (except when the target platform is Windows XP). The types defined in <shared_mutex> should not be used with any ConcRT types or functions.

Classes

shared_mutex Class

Class shared_mutex implements a non-recursive mutex with shared ownership semantics.

class shared_mutex { public: shared_mutex(); ~shared_mutex(); shared_mutex(const shared_mutex&) = delete; shared_mutex& operator=(const shared_mutex&) = delete; // Exclusive ownership void lock(); // blocking bool try_lock(); void unlock(); // Shared ownership void lock_shared(); // blocking bool try_lock_shared(); void unlock_shared(); // Getters typedef void** native_handle_type; // implementation defined native_handle_type native_handle(); };

shared_timed_mutex Class

Class shared_timed_mutex implements a non-recursive mutex with shared ownership semantics that meets the requirements of a timed mutex type.

class shared_timed_mutex { public: shared_timed_mutex(); ~shared_timed_mutex(); shared_timed_mutex(const shared_timed_mutex&) = delete; shared_timed_mutex& operator=(const shared_timed_mutex&) = delete; // Exclusive ownership void lock(); // blocking bool try_lock(); template <class Rep, class Period>
bool try_lock_for(const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time); template <class Clock, class Duration>
bool try_lock_until(const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time); void unlock(); // Shared ownership void lock_shared(); // blocking bool try_lock_shared(); template <class Rep, class Period>
bool try_lock_shared_for(const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time); template <class Clock, class Duration>
bool try_lock_shared_until(const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time); void unlock_shared(); };

shared_lock Class

Template class shared_lock controls the shared ownership of a shared mutex object within a scope. The template parameter must be a shared mutex type.

class shared_lock { public: typedef Mutex mutex_type; shared_lock() noexcept; explicit shared_lock(mutex_type& m); // blocking shared_lock(mutex_type& m, defer_lock_t) noexcept; shared_lock(mutex_type& m, try_to_lock_t); shared_lock(mutex_type& m, adopt_lock_t); template <class Clock, class Duration>
shared_lock(mutex_type& m, const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time); template <class Rep, class Period>
shared_lock(mutex_type& m, const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time); ~shared_lock(); shared_lock(shared_lock const&) = delete; shared_lock& operator=(shared_lock const&) = delete; shared_lock(shared_lock&& u) noexcept; shared_lock& operator=(shared_lock&& u) noexcept; void lock(); // blocking bool try_lock(); template <class Rep, class Period>
bool try_lock_for(const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time); template <class Clock, class Duration>
bool try_lock_until(const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time); void unlock(); // Setters void swap(shared_lock& u) noexcept; mutex_type* release() noexcept; // Getters bool owns_lock() const noexcept; explicit operator bool () const noexcept; mutex_type* mutex() const noexcept; private: mutex_type* pm; // exposition only bool owns; // exposition only };

Functions

swap Function

Swaps the shared_lock objects.

template <class Mutex>
void swap(shared_lock<Mutex>& x, shared_lock<Mutex>& y) noexcept;

Exchanges the content of two shared_lock objects. Effectively the same as x``.swap(``y``).

Requirements

Header: <shared_mutex>

Namespace: std

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