map::erase

Artikel
06/09/2015

Es wird ein Element oder ein Bereich von Elementen in einer Zuordnung von angegebenen Speicherorten entfernt oder es werden die einem angegebenen Schlüssel entsprechenden Elemente entfernt.

iterator erase(
   const_iterator Where
);

iterator erase(
   const_iterator First,
   const_iterator Last
);

size_type erase(
   const key_type& Key
);

Parameter

Where
Die Position des zu entfernenden Elements.
First
Die Position des ersten zu entfernenden Elements.
Last
Die Position direkt hinter dem letzten zu entfernenden Element.
Key
Der Schlüsselwert der zu entfernenden Elemente.

Rückgabewert

Bei den ersten beiden Memberfunktionen ist es ein bidirektionaler Iterator, der das erste über die entfernten Elemente hinaus verbliebe Element festlegt, oder ein Element, das das Ende der Zuordnung darstellt, wenn kein solches Element vorhanden ist.

Für die dritte Memberfunktion wird die Anzahl der von der Zuordnung entfernten Elemente zurück gegeben.

Beispiel

// map_erase.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator> // next() and prev() helper functions
#include <utility>  // make_pair()

using namespace std;

using mymap = map<int, string>;

void printmap(const mymap& m) {
    for (const auto& elem : m) {
        cout << " [" << elem.first << ", " << elem.second << "]";
    }
    cout << endl << "size() == " << m.size() << endl << endl;
}

int main()
{
    mymap m1;

    // Fill in some data to test with, one at a time
    m1.insert(make_pair(1, "A"));
    m1.insert(make_pair(2, "B"));
    m1.insert(make_pair(3, "C"));
    m1.insert(make_pair(4, "D"));
    m1.insert(make_pair(5, "E"));

    cout << "Starting data of map m1 is:" << endl;
    printmap(m1);
    // The 1st member function removes an element at a given position
    m1.erase(next(m1.begin()));
    cout << "After the 2nd element is deleted, the map m1 is:" << endl;
    printmap(m1);

    // Fill in some data to test with, one at a time, using an intializer list
    mymap m2
    {
        { 10, "Bob" },
        { 11, "Rob" },
        { 12, "Robert" },
        { 13, "Bert" },
        { 14, "Bobby" }
    };

    cout << "Starting data of map m2 is:" << endl;
    printmap(m2);
    // The 2nd member function removes elements
    // in the range [First, Last)
    m2.erase(next(m2.begin()), prev(m2.end()));
    cout << "After the middle elements are deleted, the map m2 is:" << endl;
    printmap(m2);

    mymap m3;

    // Fill in some data to test with, one at a time, using emplace
    m3.emplace(1, "red");
    m3.emplace(2, "yellow");
    m3.emplace(3, "blue");
    m3.emplace(4, "green");
    m3.emplace(5, "orange");
    m3.emplace(6, "purple");
    m3.emplace(7, "pink");

    cout << "Starting data of map m3 is:" << endl;
    printmap(m3);
    // The 3rd member function removes elements with a given Key
    mymap::size_type count = m3.erase(2);
    // The 3rd member function also returns the number of elements removed
    cout << "The number of elements removed from m3 is: " << count << "." << endl;
    cout << "After the element with a key of 2 is deleted, the map m3 is:" << endl;
    printmap(m3);
}

Ausgabe

Starting data of map m1 is:
 [1, A] [2, B] [3, C] [4, D] [5, E]
size() == 5

After the 2nd element is deleted, the map m1 is:
 [1, A] [3, C] [4, D] [5, E]
size() == 4

Starting data of map m2 is:
 [10, Bob] [11, Rob] [12, Robert] [13, Bert] [14, Bobby]
size() == 5

After the middle elements are deleted, the map m2 is:
 [10, Bob] [14, Bobby]
size() == 2

Starting data of map m3 is:
 [1, red] [2, yellow] [3, blue] [4, green] [5, orange] [6, purple] [7, pink]
size() == 7

The number of elements removed from m3 is: 1.
After the element with a key of 2 is deleted, the map m3 is:
 [1, red] [3, blue] [4, green] [5, orange] [6, purple] [7, pink]
size() == 6