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Use full-text search with XML columns

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Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance

You can create a full-text index on XML columns that indexes the content of the XML values, but ignores the XML markup. Element tags are used as token boundaries. The following items are indexed:

  • The content of XML elements.

  • The content of XML attributes of the top-level element only, unless those values are numeric values.

When possible, you can combine full-text search with XML index in the following way:

  1. First, filter the XML values of interest by using SQL full-text search.

  2. Next, query those XML values that use XML index on the XML column.

Example: Combine full-text search with XML querying

After the full-text index has been created on the XML column, the following query checks that an XML value contains the word "custom" in the title of a book:

SELECT *
FROM   T
WHERE  CONTAINS(xCol,'custom')
AND    xCol.exist('/book/title/text()[contains(.,"custom")]') = 1;

The contains() method uses the full-text index to subset the XML values that contain the word "custom" anywhere in the document. The exist() clause ensures that the word "custom" occurs in the title of a book.

A full-text search that uses contains() and XQuery contains() has different semantics. The latter is a substring match and the former is a token match that uses stemming. Therefore, if the search is for the string that has "run" in the title, the matches will include "run", "runs", and "running", because both the full-text contains() and the XQuery contains() are satisfied. However, the query doesn't match the word "customizable" in the title in that the full-text contains() fails, but the XQuery contains() is satisfied. Generally, for pure substring match, the full-text contains() clause should be removed.

Additionally, full-text search uses word stemming, but XQuery contains() is a literal match. This difference is illustrated in the next example.

Example: Full-text search on XML values using stemming

The XQuery contains() check that was performed in the previous example generally can't be eliminated. Consider this query:

SELECT *
FROM   T
WHERE  CONTAINS(xCol,'run');

The word "ran" in the document matches the search condition because of stemming. Additionally, the search context isn't checked by using XQuery.

When XML is decomposed into relational columns by using AXSD that are full-text indexed, XPath queries that occur over the XML view don't perform full-text search on the underlying tables.

See also