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[ ] (Wildcard - Character(s) to Match) (Transact-SQL)

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Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW) SQL analytics endpoint in Microsoft Fabric Warehouse in Microsoft Fabric

Matches any single character within the specified range or set that is specified between brackets [ ]. These wildcard characters can be used in string comparisons that involve pattern matching, such as LIKE and PATINDEX.

Examples

A: Simple example

The following example returns names that start with the letter m. [n-z] specifies that the second letter must be somewhere in the range from n to z. The percent wildcard % allows any or no characters starting with the 3 character. The model and msdb databases meet this criteria. The master database doesn't meet the criteria and is excluded from the result set.

SELECT name FROM sys.databases
WHERE name LIKE 'm[n-z]%';

Here's the result set.

name
-----
model
msdb

You may have additional qualifying databases installed.

B: More complex example

The following example uses the [] operator to find the IDs and names of all Adventure Works employees who have addresses with a four-digit postal code.

-- Uses AdventureWorks  
  
SELECT e.BusinessEntityID, p.FirstName, p.LastName, a.PostalCode  
FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e  
INNER JOIN Person.Person AS p ON e.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID  
INNER JOIN Person.BusinessEntityAddress AS ea ON e.BusinessEntityID = ea.BusinessEntityID  
INNER JOIN Person.Address AS a ON a.AddressID = ea.AddressID  
WHERE a.PostalCode LIKE '[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]';

Here's the result set.

EmployeeID      FirstName      LastName      PostalCode  
----------      ---------      ---------     ----------  
290             Lynn           Tsoflias      3000

C: Using a set that combines ranges and single characters

A wildcard set can include both single characters and ranges. The following example uses the [] operator to find a string that begins with a number or a series of special characters.

SELECT [object_id], OBJECT_NAME(object_id) AS [object_name], name, column_id 
FROM sys.columns 
WHERE name LIKE '[0-9!@#$.,;_]%';

Here's the result set.

object_id     object_name	                      name	column_id
---------     -----------                         ----  ---------
615673241     vSalesPersonSalesByFiscalYears	  2002	5
615673241     vSalesPersonSalesByFiscalYears	  2003	6
615673241     vSalesPersonSalesByFiscalYears	  2004	7
1591676718    JunkTable                           _xyz  1

See Also

LIKE (Transact-SQL)
PATINDEX (Transact-SQL)
% (Wildcard - Character(s) to Match) (Transact-SQL)
[^] (Wildcard - Character(s) Not to Match) (Transact-SQL)
_ (Wildcard - Match One Character) (Transact-SQL)