Point-specular lighting effect

Use the point-specular lighting effect to create an image that appears to be a reflective surface. The effect uses the alpha channel of the image as a height map and a point light source that you position, and calculates the reflection and light according to the specular portion of the Phong lighting model.

The color of the output bitmap is a result of light color, light position, and the surface geometry. The alpha channel output for each pixel with specular lighting is the maximum of the red, green, and blue channel outputs for that pixel.

The CLSID for this effect is CLSID_D2D1PointSpecular.

• Example image
• Point light source
• Height map and normal vector
• Specular lighting constant and exponent
• Effect properties
• Scales modes
• Requirements
• Related topics

Example image

The example here shows the input and output images of the point-specular lighting effect.

Specular light refers to light that is reflected in a specific direction according to the Phong lighting model.

The effect calculates the final output pixel values using the equations here:

where

k? = specular lighting constant.
= surface normal unit vector which is a function of x and y. See Height map and normal vector for the calculations.
= "halfway" unit vector between eye unit vector and light unit vector. See Point light source for the calculations.
L_r, L_g, L_b = the light color in RGB components.

You set the specular lighting constant as the SpecularConstant property and the light color as the Color property.

Point light source

A point light source emits light in all directions like in the image here.

You set the position of the light source using the LightPosition property. The effect calculates the light vector, L , for a point light source using the equations here:

where Light?, Light_y, and Light_z are the input light position. The effect calculates the halfway vector, as defined in the Phong lighting model, using the equation here. The lighting model assumes that the eye vector, , is located at (0,0,1).

Both L and H are normalized to unit-length vectors.

Height map and normal vector

The effect generates a height map for the input image based on its alpha channel.

The height (Z) component is calculated using the equation:

The effect calculates the surface normal, , for the input bitmap using a Sobel gradient.

Specular lighting constant and exponent

Specular light represents the light that is reflected from the surface of the of the image height map. You specify the SpecularExponent property that determines the amount of specular reflection from the bitmap.

Larger exponents represent shinier objects and reflect light in a more focused shape.

The SpecularConstant property K? defines the amount of reflected light as a ratio of the incoming light.

Effect properties

Display name and index enumeration	Description
LightPosition D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_PROP_LIGHT_POSITION	The light position of the point light source. The property is a D2D1_VECTOR_3F defined as (x, y, z). The units are in device-independent pixels (DIPs) and the values are unitless and unbounded. The type is D2D1_VECTOR_3F. The default value is {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}.
SpecularExponent D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_PROP_SPECULAR_EXPONENT	The exponent for the specular term in the Phong lighting equation. A larger value corresponds to a more reflective surface. This value is unitless and must be between 1.0 and 128. The type is FLOAT. The default value is 1.0f.
SpecularConstant D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_PROP_SPECULAR_CONSTANT	The ratio of specular reflection to the incoming light. The value is unitless and must be between 0 and 10,000. The type is FLOAT. The default value is 1.0f.
SurfaceScale D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_PROP_SURFACE_SCALE	The scale factor in the Z direction for generating a height map. The value is unitless and must be between 0 and 10,000. The type is FLOAT. The default value is 1.0f.
Color D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_PROP_COLOR	The color of the incoming light. This property is exposed as a D2D1_VECTOR_3F (R, G, B) and used to compute LR, LG, LB. The type is D2D1_VECTOR_3F. The default value is {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}.
KernelUnitLength D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_PROP_KERNEL_UNIT_LENGTH	The size of an element in the Sobel kernel used to generate the surface normal in the X and Y directions. This property maps to the dx and dy values in the Sobel gradient. This property is a D2D1_VECTOR_2F(Kernel Unit Length X, Kernel Unit Length Y) and is defined in (DIPs/Kernel Unit). The effect uses bilinear interpolation to scale the bitmap to match size of kernel elements. The type is D2D1_VECTOR_2F. The default value is {1.0f, 1.0f}.
ScaleMode D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_PROP_SCALE_MODE	The interpolation mode the effect uses to scale the image to the corresponding kernel unit length. There are six scale modes that range in quality and speed. See Scale modes for more info. The type is D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_SCALE_MODE. The default value is D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_SCALE_MODE_LINEAR.

Scales modes

Enumeration	Description
D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR	Samples the nearest single point and uses that. This mode uses less processing time, but outputs the lowest quality image.
D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_SCALE_MODE_LINEAR	Uses a four point sample and linear interpolation. This mode outputs a higher quality image than nearest neighbor.
D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_SCALE_MODE_CUBIC	Uses a 16 sample cubic kernel for interpolation. This mode uses the most processing time, but outputs a higher quality image.
D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_SCALE_MODE_MULTI_SAMPLE_LINEAR	Uses 4 linear samples within a single pixel for good edge anti-aliasing. This mode is good for scaling down by small amounts on images with few pixels.
D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_SCALE_MODE_ANISOTROPIC	Uses anisotropic filtering to sample a pattern according to the transformed shape of the bitmap.
D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_SCALE_MODE_HIGH_QUALITY_CUBIC	Uses a variable size high quality cubic kernel to perform a pre-downscale the image if downscaling is involved in the transform matrix. Then uses the cubic interpolation mode for the final output.

Note

If you don't select a mode, the effect defaults to D2D1_POINTSPECULAR_SCALE_MODE_LINEAR.

Requirements

Requirement	Value
Minimum supported client	Windows 8 and Platform Update for Windows 7 [desktop apps | Windows Store apps]
Minimum supported server	Windows 8 and Platform Update for Windows 7 [desktop apps | Windows Store apps]
Header	d2d1effects.h
Library	d2d1.lib, dxguid.lib

Related topics

ID2D1Effect