If you're planning to use C# on the server side then ASP.NET Core is your only real option here. Whether you use MVC, Razor Pages or Blazor is dependent upon the type of apps you intend to build. Read the docs for each platform and determine which one best aligns with your needs. You may need different platforms for different apps.
On the client side you can use MVC views, Blazor or any front end library you want like Angular, React or Vue. Determine which front end library you want to use and there is likely a VS template for it. Each library has its own strengths and weaknesses.