Hello Fiderer, Christian,
check that both the StorageClass and Azure File Share are configured to use NFS explicitly.
https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/azurefile-csi-driver/tree/master/deploy/example/nfs
Modify the storage class of your PVs to use a standard storage class instead of premium .since D2_V2 Virtual machine does not support premium.
If premium storage is necessary for your application, consider changing the VM size to one that supports Premium Storage.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/dv2-dsv2-series#dsv2-series
Hope this helps you.