That is not an error I have seen before, and Azure Windows VM Agent does support Windows 10.
What is the current release of Windows 10 the VM is running? If it is out of date, you might try updating the VM before installing VM Agent. I launched a new Windows 10 VM and confirmed that Windows Agent 2.7.41491.1121 was automatically installed. You might also try the Troubleshoot Azure Windows VM Agent issues page. It might be easier to do the offline password reset and then troubleshoot the VM Agent issue once you have that fixed. Reset local Windows password for Azure VM offline.
Hope this helps! Let me know if you are unable to resolve the issue and we will be happy to investigate further.
If you still have questions, please let us know in the "comments" and we would be happy to help you. Comment is the fastest way of notifying the experts.
If the answer has been helpful, we appreciate hearing from you and would love to help others who may have the same question. Accepting answers helps increase visibility of this question for other members of the Microsoft Q&A community.
Thank you for helping to improve Microsoft Q&A!