A Microsoft app for iOS and Android devices that enables authentication with two-factor verification, phone sign-in, and code generation
It sounds like you are stuck in an authentication loop where Microsoft Authenticator is requiring itself to complete sign-in. This can happen when multiple authentication methods are registered or configured in a way that creates a circular dependency during the sign-in flow. Sometimes, it happens with work profile, and normal profile on Android devices requiring stale passkey set on the device.
You may want to try navigating to https://aka.ms/mysecurityinfo from a browser and signing in using an alternative method if available, end goal being to obtain access to the page. From there, review your registered authentication methods and consider removing any unused or duplicate methods that may be causing the loop. Re-registering the method you intend to use as your primary authentication may resolve the circular prompt.
If this is a work or school account, of course it is, reviewing registration policy in Entra Admin center might be worth doing, or using Authentication method Policy, rather than Conditional Access for now...
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