Hello,
Based on your description, it appears that the Microsoft Authenticator registration for your Microsoft 365 Business administrator account was not completed successfully. As a result, the sign-in process is requesting an approval or verification code that is not available in the Authenticator app, preventing you from accessing your Microsoft 365 tenant.
Before proceeding with account recovery, could you confirm whether you still have access to your previous phone or any other registered authentication method, such as SMS, voice call, a security key, or another device already signed in? Also, when you open Microsoft Authenticator, do you see your work account listed, or only your personal Microsoft account?
If this is the only Global Administrator account and there are no accessible authentication methods remaining, there is no supported way to bypass Microsoft Entra ID MFA. In that case, you will need to contact Microsoft Support for an administrator account recovery. After validating ownership of the Microsoft 365 tenant, Microsoft Support can assist with resetting the MFA registration so that you can regain access to the tenant.
Once we know whether the work account is present in Microsoft Authenticator and whether any alternate authentication methods are still available, we can determine the most appropriate recovery path.