Hi,
I will explain for more details.
Before you joined domain, all users on those computers are logon on with local account, as Windows hello is based on user profile, so the configuration on Windows hello are all based on local user profile.
After you joined them to domain, new domain user profile were created on those computers, however, if the previous configured Windows hello is based on local user profile, so they will not work on user profile. That is why you say they are not work after domain.
What we should do is configure Windows hello in domain through group policy.
To confirm which group policy have been applied on domain users, we also could run command line "gpresult /h c:\gp.html" as administrator to generate a report about existing group policy.
Bests,