MASM for x64 (ml64.exe)
Visual Studio includes both 32-bit and 64-bit hosted versions of MASM (the Microsoft Macro Assembler) to target x64 code. Named ml64.exe, it's the assembler that accepts x64 assembler language. The MASM command-line tools are installed when you choose a C++ workload during Visual Studio installation. The MASM tools aren't available as a separate download. For instructions on how to download and install a copy of Visual Studio, see Install Visual Studio. If you only want the command-line tools, not the full IDE, download the Build Tools for Visual Studio.
To use ml64.exe on the command line, start a developer command prompt for x64 targets. A developer command prompt sets the required path and other environment variables. For information on how to start a developer command prompt, see Build C/C++ code on the command line.
For information on ml64.exe command-line options, see ML and ML64 Command-Line Reference.
Inline assembler or use of the ASM keyword isn't supported for x64 or ARM64 targets. To port your x86 code that uses inline assembler to x64 or ARM64, you can convert your code to C++, use compiler intrinsics, or create assembler-language source files. The Microsoft C++ compiler supports intrinsics to allow you to use special-function instructions, for example, privileged, bit scan or test, interlocked, and so on, in as close to a cross-platform manner as possible. For information on available intrinsics, see Compiler Intrinsics.
Add an assembler-language file to a Visual Studio C++ project
The Visual Studio project system supports assembler-language files built by using MASM in your C++ projects. MASM fully supports x64 assembler-language source files, and builds them into object files. You can then link these object files to your C++ code built for x64 targets. It's one way to overcome the lack of an x64 inline assembler.
To add an assembler-language file to an existing Visual Studio C++ project
Select the project in Solution Explorer. On the menu bar, choose Project, Build Customizations.
In the Visual C++ Build Customization Files dialog box, check the checkbox next to masm(.targets,.props). Choose OK to save your selection and close the dialog box.
On the menu bar, choose Project, Add New Item.
In the Add New Item dialog box, select C++ file (.cpp) in the center pane. In the Name edit control, enter a new file name that has a
.asmextension instead of.cpp. Choose Add to add the file to your project and close the dialog box.
Create your assembler-language code in the .asm file you added. When you build your solution, the MASM assembler is invoked to assemble the .asm file into an object file that is then linked into your project. To make symbol access easier, declare your assembler functions as extern "C" in your C++ source code, rather than using the C++ name decoration conventions in your assembler-language source files.
ml64-Specific Directives
You can use the following ml64-specific directives in your assembler-language source code that targets x64:
The PROC directive has also been updated for use with ml64.exe.
32-Bit Address Mode (Address Size Override)
MASM emits the 0x67 address size override if a memory operand includes 32-bit registers. For example, the following examples cause the address size override to be emitted:
mov rax, QWORD PTR [ecx]
mov eax, DWORD PTR [ecx*2+r10d]
mov eax, DWORD PTR [ecx*2+r10d+0100h]
prefetch [eax]
movnti rax, QWORD PTR [r8d]
MASM assumes 64-bit addressing if a 32-bit displacement appears alone as a memory operand. There's currently no support for 32-bit addressing with such operands.
Finally, mixing register sizes within a memory operand, as demonstrated in the following code, generates an error.
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rcx*2+r10d]
mov eax, DWORD PTR [ecx*2+r10+0100h]