Managing Users, Roles, and Logins

Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics

In SMO, logins are represented by the Login object. When the logon exists in SQL Server, it can be added to a server role. The server role is represented by the ServerRole object. The database role is represented by the DatabaseRole object and the application role is represented by the ApplicationRole object.

Privileges associated with the server level are listed as properties of the ServerPermission object. The server level privileges can be granted to, denied to, or revoked from individual logon accounts.

Every Database object has a UserCollection object that specifies all users in the database. Each user is associated with a logon. One logon can be associated with users in more than one database. The Login object's EnumDatabaseMappings method can be used to list all users in every database that is associated with the logon. Alternatively, the User object's Login property specifies the logon that is associated with the user.

SQL Server databases also have roles that specify a set of database level privileges that let a user perform specific tasks. Unlike server roles, database roles are not fixed. They can be created, modified, and removed. Privileges and users can be assigned to a database role for bulk administration.

Example

For the following code examples, you will have to select the programming environment, programming template and the programming language to create your application. For more information, see Create a Visual C# SMO Project in Visual Studio .NET.

Enumerating Logins and Associated Users in Visual C#

Every user in a database is associated with a logon. The logon can be associated with users in more than one database. The code example shows how to call the EnumDatabaseMappings method of the Login object to list all the database users who are associated with the logon. The example creates a logon and user in the AdventureWorks2022 database to make sure there is mapping information to enumerate.

{   
Server srv = new Server();   
//Iterate through each database and display.   
  
foreach ( Database db in srv.Databases) {   
   Console.WriteLine("========");   
   Console.WriteLine("Login Mappings for the database: " + db.Name);   
   Console.WriteLine(" ");   
   //Run the EnumLoginMappings method and return details of database user-login mappings to a DataTable object variable.   
   DataTable d;  
   d = db.EnumLoginMappings();   
   //Display the mapping information.   
   foreach (DataRow r in d.Rows) {   
      foreach (DataColumn c in r.Table.Columns) {   
         Console.WriteLine(c.ColumnName + " = " + r[c]);   
      }   
      Console.WriteLine(" ");   
   }   
}   
}  

Enumerating Logins and Associated Users in PowerShell

Every user in a database is associated with a logon. The logon can be associated with users in more than one database. The code example shows how to call the EnumDatabaseMappings method of the Login object to list all the database users who are associated with the logon. The example creates a logon and user in the AdventureWorks2022 database to make sure there is mapping information to enumerate.

# Set the path context to the local, default instance of SQL Server.
CD \sql\localhost\Default\Databases

#Iterate through all databases 
foreach ($db in Get-ChildItem)
{
  "====="
  "Login Mappings for the database: "+ $db.Name

  #get the datatable containing the mapping from the smo database oject
  $dt = $db.EnumLoginMappings()

  #display the results
  foreach($row in $dt.Rows)
  {
     foreach($col in $row.Table.Columns)
     {
       $col.ColumnName + "=" + $row[$col]
     }
   }
 }

Managing Roles and Users

This sample demonstrates how to how to manage roles and users. To run this sample you will need to reference the following assemblies:

• Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo.dll

• Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.dll

• Microsoft.SqlServer.ConnectionInfo.dll

• Microsoft.SqlServer.SqlEnum.dll

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;  
using System;  
  
public class A {  
   public static void Main() {  
      Server svr = new Server();  
      Database db = new Database(svr, "TESTDB");  
      db.Create();  
  
      // Creating Logins  
      Login login = new Login(svr, "Login1");  
      login.LoginType = LoginType.SqlLogin;  
      login.Create("password@1");  
  
      Login login2 = new Login(svr, "Login2");  
      login2.LoginType = LoginType.SqlLogin;  
      login2.Create("password@1");  
  
      // Creating Users in the database for the logins created  
      User user1 = new User(db, "User1");  
      user1.Login = "Login1";  
      user1.Create();  
  
      User user2 = new User(db, "User2");  
      user2.Login = "Login2";  
      user2.Create();  
  
      // Creating database permission Sets  
      DatabasePermissionSet dbPermSet = new DatabasePermissionSet(DatabasePermission.AlterAnySchema);  
      dbPermSet.Add(DatabasePermission.AlterAnyUser);  
  
      DatabasePermissionSet dbPermSet2 = new DatabasePermissionSet(DatabasePermission.CreateType);  
      dbPermSet2.Add(DatabasePermission.CreateSchema);  
      dbPermSet2.Add(DatabasePermission.CreateTable);  
  
      // Creating Database roles  
      DatabaseRole role1 = new DatabaseRole(db, "Role1");  
      role1.Create();  
  
      DatabaseRole role2 = new DatabaseRole(db, "Role2");  
      role2.Create();  
  
      // Granting Database Permission Sets to Roles  
      db.Grant(dbPermSet, role1.Name);  
      db.Grant(dbPermSet2, role2.Name);  
  
      // Adding members (Users / Roles) to Role  
      role1.AddMember("User1");  
  
      role2.AddMember("User2");  
  
      // Role1 becomes a member of Role2  
      role2.AddMember("Role1");  
  
      // Enumerating through explicit permissions granted to Role1  
      // enumerates all database permissions for the Grantee  
      DatabasePermissionInfo[] dbPermsRole1 = db.EnumDatabasePermissions("Role1");     
      foreach (DatabasePermissionInfo dbp in dbPermsRole1) {  
         Console.WriteLine(dbp.Grantee + " has " + dbp.PermissionType.ToString() + " permission.");  
      }  
      Console.WriteLine(" ");  
   }  
}