I believe this is by design. There is no Get method supported on the generic /authentication/methods point, only List: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/authentication-list-methods?view=graph-rest-beta&tabs=http
To get the details on specific method only, you need to know its type. Try for example these:
GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/user@domain.com/authentication/methods
GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/user@domain.com/authentication/windowsHelloForBusinessMethods
GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/user@domain.com/authentication/windowsHelloForBusinessMethods/vQ-DtT1Xr4t3RVg29vrhN59PkoV93XB7Hob4cytC2tU1