Hi,
1.Kindly following instruction in below link to check the backup related log and confirm if any error message was related to the failure.
Windows Server Essentials 2012/2012 R2 Log Files
https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-server-essentials-and/windows-server-essentials-2012-2012-r2-log-files/ba-p/398990
2.After checking the logs, for the problematic client, kindly try to exclude the Portable Base Layer folder and test again.
Reference link:
Acronis True Image backup fails (as of 9/July/2019)
https://www.winhelponline.com/blog/what-is-portablebaselayer-in-disk-management/
Please note: Information posted in the given link is hosted by a third party. Microsoft does not guarantee the accuracy and effectiveness of information.
3.Compare the windows update history of working and non-working windows 10 clients and ensure that they are updated to the same.
Hope this helps and please help to accept as Answer if the response is useful.
Thanks,
Jenny