Whomever you called it was not Microsoft and was entirely a scam.
We know that because Microsoft Azure is Microsoft's Cloud Services for business, which has nothing to do with either consumers or computer support services whatsoever. Since they used this false information to trick you into paying for their fake "service". Whether they actually removed a virus doesn't matter, they were scamming you to pay for a "Lifetime Support" service that doesn't exist.
What is Azure—Microsoft Cloud Services | Microsoft Azure
When you contacted your bank to block the transaction, did you make it clear you thought you'd given your account information to scammers?
I ask because I'd have expected them to close and reissue your account entirely, since this information could be misused a number of different ways other than for that single charge.
If you have online access to that account I'd login and confirm no other unexpected transactions have occurred and even if there haven't, call your bank again to clarify the situation if you didn't make this clear to them the first time.
A little embarrassment is minor compared to the risk that you've given scammers access to your account.
So let your bank guide you as to how you should proceed in this case, since they should know the specific risks to your personal accounts, though they may send you back here for help with your PC and any possible remaining malware it might contain.
Also, don't even try to talk to the scammers again unless your bank directly and clearly requests that you do this, which I wouldn't expect. Just hang up or don't answer if they call and don't do a single thing they request, nor tell them anything at all about this discussion, especially not before you've talked to your bank to confirm your money is safe.
Rob