Hi GrzegorzBK,
Thanks for sharing updates with us and I really appreciate your effort and your precious time doing those tests. First, please accept my apologize you meet such an issue and I understand it effort on your daily work.
We appreciate your understanding that sometimes the initial suggestions may not resolve the problem very soon. However, we can work together to narrow down and resolve the situation.
Since, you mentioned this issue occurred with different pc machines with different Excel builds version.
After search a lot, I found out that some users with similar issue if disable the following Add-ins in Excel: Analysis ToolPak, Analysis ToolPak - VBA, Solver Add-in then the problem goes away. You may also try and see this tick work for you.
Also. if you don't mind(I request please don't mind ) try to uninstalled your previous default printer and removed the driver through Print Management, then reinstalled it and check the outcomes.
I appreciate your understanding and stay safe!!
Best Regards
Waqas Muhammad