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Dear respected Brijesh S. Patel,
Good day! Thank you for posting to Microsoft Community. We are happy to help you.
I’m sorry you’re having a problem with OneNote Dictate button but based on your description we can work together to resolve it.
For the situation you encountered, we deeply understand the inconvenience caused and apologize for it.
As per your description, it seems that in your OneNote version 2212, the "Dictate" button is missing in OneNote 2016 app. First may I know if my understanding is correct.
As you know that Dictate feature requires an Office 365 subscription and it's an English language supported features. Based on my test result, yes, the Dictate feature available in OneNote version 2301 Current channel. Here is my test screenshot for your reference.
Since you mentioned, "I am unable to update from 2212 to 2301 first may I confirm did you get any error message while update OneNote version into current latest version? if possible, could you please upload a screenshot for our reference, so we can understand your exact scenario and provide our suggestion in a productive manner, perhaps some related screenshots will be helpful.
Also, if possible, could you please try ODT to update your version 2301, here is article for your reference: Office Deployment Tool-Update Microsoft 365 Apps
Temporary workaround:
1.As the Dictate feature is also available in OneNote online, if possible as a temporary work around, you could work on your documents with OneNote for web (Online).
2.I'm afraid there is any OneNote app called OneNote Windows 10 app (the OneNote app that is pre-installed on all editions of Windows 10) or you may also download/install it from Windows Microsoft storehttps://microsoft.com/store/detail/onenote/9WZDNCRFHVJL?hl=en-us&gl=usas a free.
Meanwhile, could you please provide some information for us to better understand.
1. Please check if Dictate doesn’t show up in all Office applications e.g., Word / PowerPoint
2.Confirm the language is set to US English as default.
3.Full screenshot of your OneNote version? Open OneNote > File > Account > under Production Information and share a screenshot of it. (Please mask your private information.)
Appreciate your patience and understanding and thank you for your time and cooperation.
Sincerely,
Waqas Muhammad