Authentication settings for the Databricks JDBC Driver

This article describes how to configure Azure Databricks authentication settings for the Databricks JDBC Driver.

To configure an Azure Databricks connection for the Databricks JDBC Driver, you must combine your compute resource settings, any driver capability settings, and the following authentication settings, into a JDBC connection URL or programmatic collection of JDBC connection properties.

JDBC connection URLs use the following format:

jdbc:databricks://<server-hostname>:443;httpPath=<http-path>[;<setting1>=<value1>;<setting2>=<value2>;<settingN>=<valueN>]

• To get the values for <server-hostname> and <http-path>, see Compute settings for the Databricks JDBC Driver.
• Replace <setting>=<value> as needed for each of the connection properties as listed in the following sections.
• You can also add special or advanced driver capability settings.

Programmatic collections of JDBC connection properties can be used in Java code such as the following example:

package org.example;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Class.forName("com.databricks.client.jdbc.Driver");
    String url = "jdbc:databricks://" + System.getenv("DATABRICKS_SERVER_HOSTNAME") + ":443";
    Properties p = new java.util.Properties();
    p.put("httpPath", System.getenv("DATABRICKS_HTTP_PATH"));
    p.put("<setting1>", "<value1");
    p.put("<setting2>", "<value2");
    p.put("<settingN>", "<valueN");
    try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, p)) {
      Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
      try (ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("<query>")) {
        ResultSetMetaData md = rs.getMetaData();
        String[] columns = new String[md.getColumnCount()];
        for (int i = 0; i < columns.length; i++) {
          columns[i] = md.getColumnName(i + 1);
        }
        while (rs.next()) {
          System.out.print("Row " + rs.getRow() + "=[");
          for (int i = 0; i < columns.length; i++) {
            if (i != 0) {
              System.out.print(", ");
            }
            System.out.print(columns[i] + "='" + rs.getObject(i + 1) + "'");
          }
          System.out.println(")]");
        }
      }
    }
    System.exit(0);
  }
}

• Set the DATABRICKS_SERVER_HOSTNAME and DATABRICKS_HTTP_PATH environment values to the target Azure Databricks compute resource’s Server Hostname and HTTP Path values, respectively. To get these values, see Compute settings for the Databricks JDBC Driver. To set environment variables, see your operating system’s documentation.
• Replace <setting> and <value> as needed for each of the connection properties as listed in the following sections.
• You can also add special or advanced driver capability settings, typically as additional <setting> and <value> pairs.
• For this example, replace <query> with a SQL SELECT query string.

Whether you use a connection URL or a collection of connection properties will depend on the requirements of your target app, tool, client, SDK, or API. Examples of JDBC connection URLs and programmatic collections of JDBC connection properties are provided in this article for each supported Azure Databricks authentication type.

The Databricks JDBC Driver supports the following Azure Databricks authentication types:

• Azure Databricks personal access token
• Microsoft Entra ID token
• OAuth 2.0 tokens
• OAuth user-to-machine (U2M) authentication
• OAuth machine-to-machine (M2M) authentication

Azure Databricks personal access token

To create a Azure Databricks personal access token, do the following:

1. In your Azure Databricks workspace, click your Azure Databricks username in the top bar, and then select Settings from the drop down.
2. Click Developer.
3. Next to Access tokens, click Manage.
4. Click Generate new token.
5. (Optional) Enter a comment that helps you to identify this token in the future, and change the token’s default lifetime of 90 days. To create a token with no lifetime (not recommended), leave the Lifetime (days) box empty (blank).
6. Click Generate.
7. Copy the displayed token to a secure location, and then click Done.

Note

Be sure to save the copied token in a secure location. Do not share your copied token with others. If you lose the copied token, you cannot regenerate that exact same token. Instead, you must repeat this procedure to create a new token. If you lose the copied token, or you believe that the token has been compromised, Databricks strongly recommends that you immediately delete that token from your workspace by clicking the trash can (Revoke) icon next to the token on the Access tokens page.

If you are not able to create or use tokens in your workspace, this might be because your workspace administrator has disabled tokens or has not given you permission to create or use tokens. See your workspace administrator or the following topics:

• Enable or disable personal access token authentication for the workspace
• Personal access token permissions

To authenticate using an Azure Databricks personal access token, set the following configuration.

For a JDBC connection URL with embedded general configuration properties and sensitive credential properties:

jdbc:databricks://<server-hostname>:443;httpPath=<http-path>;AuthMech=3;UID=token;PWD=<personal-access-token>

For Java code with general configuration properties and sensitive credential properties set outside of the JDBC connection URL:

// ...
String url = "jdbc:databricks://<server-hostname>:443";
Properties p = new java.util.Properties();
p.put("httpPath", "<http-path>");
p.put("AuthMech", "3");
p.put("UID", "token");
p.put("PWD", "<personal-access-token>");
// ...
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, p);
// ...

• For a complete Java code example that you can adapt the preceding code snippet to you own needs, see the code example at the beginning of this article.
• In the preceding URL or Java code, replace <personal-access-token> with the Databricks personal access token for your workspace user.
• To get the values for <server-hostname> and <http-path>, see Compute settings for the Databricks JDBC Driver.

Microsoft Entra ID token

ODBC and JDBC drivers 2.6.15 and above support Microsoft Entra ID tokens for an Azure Databricks user or a Microsoft Entra ID service principal.

To create a Microsoft Entra ID access token, do the following:

• For an Azure Databricks user, you can use the Azure CLI. See Get Microsoft Entra ID tokens for users by using the Azure CLI.
• For a Microsoft Entra ID service principal, see Get a Microsoft Entra ID access token with the Azure CLI. To create a Microsoft Entra ID managed service principal, see Manage service principals.

Microsoft Entra ID access tokens have a default lifetime of about 1 hour. An access token can be refreshed programmatically for an existing session without breaking the connection by running the code in Refresh a Microsoft Entra ID access token. For instructions about how to refresh the token, see the section Configuring Authentication > Using OAuth 2.0 in the Databricks JDBC Driver Guide.

To authenticate using a Microsoft Entra ID token, set the following configuration.

For a JDBC connection URL with embedded general configuration properties and sensitive credential properties:

jdbc:databricks://<server-hostname>:443;httpPath=<http-path>;AuthMech=11;Auth_Flow=0;Auth_AccessToken=<microsoft-entra-id-token>

For Java code with general configuration properties and sensitive credential properties set outside of the JDBC connection URL:

// ...
String url = "jdbc:databricks://<server-hostname>:443";
Properties p = new java.util.Properties();
p.put("httpPath", "<http-path>");
p.put("AuthMech", "11");
p.put("Auth_Flow", "0");
p.put("Auth_AccessToken", "<microsoft-entra-id-token>");
// ...
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, p);
// ...

• For a complete Java code example that you can adapt the preceding code snippet to you own needs, see the code example at the beginning of this article.
• In the preceding URL or Java code, replace <microsoft-entra-id-token> with the Microsoft Entra ID token.
• To get the values for <server-hostname> and <http-path>, see Compute settings for the Databricks JDBC Driver.

For more information, see the Token Pass-through section in the Databricks JDBC Driver Guide.

OAuth 2.0 tokens

JDBC driver 2.6.36 and above supports an OAuth 2.0 token for a Microsoft Entra ID service principal. This is also known as OAuth 2.0 token pass-through authentication.

• To create an OAuth 2.0 token for token pass-through authentication for a Microsoft Entra ID service principal, see Manually generate and use access tokens for OAuth M2M authentication. Make a note of the service principal’s OAuth access_token value.

• To create a Microsoft Entra ID managed service principal, see Manage service principals.

  Important

  JDBC driver 2.6.36 and above supports using Azure Databricks OAuth secrets to create OAuth 2.0 tokens. Microsoft Entra ID secrets are not supported.

OAuth 2.0 tokens have a default lifetime of 1 hour. To generate a new OAuth 2.0 token, repeat this process.

To authenticate using OAuth 2.0 token pass-through authentication, set the following configuration.

For a JDBC connection URL with embedded general configuration properties and sensitive credential properties:

jdbc:databricks://<server-hostname>:443;httpPath=<http-path>;AuthMech=11;Auth_Flow=0;Auth_AccessToken=<oauth-token>

For Java code with general configuration properties and sensitive credential properties set outside of the JDBC connection URL:

// ...
String url = "jdbc:databricks://<server-hostname>:443";
Properties p = new java.util.Properties();
p.put("httpPath", "<http-path>");
p.put("AuthMech", "11");
p.put("Auth_Flow", "0");
p.put("Auth_AccessToken", "<oauth-token>");
// ...
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, p);
// ...

• For a complete Java code example that you can adapt the preceding code snippet to you own needs, see the code example at the beginning of this article.
• In the preceding URL or Java code, replace <oauth-token> with the Azure Databricks OAuth token. (Microsoft Entra ID tokens are not supported for OAuth 2.0 token pass-through authentication.)
• To get the values for <server-hostname> and <http-path>, see Compute settings for the Databricks JDBC Driver.

For more information, see the Token Pass-through section in the Databricks JDBC Driver Guide.

OAuth user-to-machine (U2M) authentication

JDBC driver 2.6.36 and above supports OAuth user-to-machine (U2M) authentication for an Azure Databricks user. This is also known as OAuth 2.0 browser-based authentication.

OAuth U2M or OAuth 2.0 browser-based authentication has no prerequisites. OAuth 2.0 tokens have a default lifetime of 1 hour. OAuth U2M or OAuth 2.0 browser-based authentication should refresh expired OAuth 2.0 tokens for you automatically.

Note

OAuth U2M or OAuth 2.0 browser-based authentication works only with applications that run locally. It does not work with server-based or cloud-based applications.

To authenticate using OAuth user-to-machine (U2M) or OAuth 2.0 browser-based authentication, set the following configuration.

For a JDBC connection URL with embedded general configuration properties and sensitive credential properties:

jdbc:databricks://<server-hostname>:443;httpPath=<http-path>;AuthMech=11;Auth_Flow=2;TokenCachePassPhrase=<passphrase>;EnableTokenCache=0

For Java code with general configuration properties and sensitive credential properties set outside of the JDBC connection URL:

// ...
String url = "jdbc:databricks://<server-hostname>:443";
Properties p = new java.util.Properties();
p.put("httpPath", "<http-path>");
p.put("AuthMech", "11");
p.put("Auth_Flow", "2")
p.put("TokenCachePassPhrase", "<passphrase>");
p.put("EnableTokenCache", "0");
// ...
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, p);
// ...

• For a complete Java code example that you can adapt the preceding code snippet to you own needs, see the code example at the beginning of this article.
• In the preceding URL or Java code, replace <passphrase> with a passphrase of your choice. The driver uses this key for refresh token encryption.
• To get the values for <server-hostname> and <http-path>, see Compute settings for the Databricks JDBC Driver.

For more information, see the Using Browser Based Authentication section in the Databricks JDBC Driver Guide.

OAuth machine-to-machine (M2M) authentication

JDBC driver 2.6.36 and above supports OAuth machine-to-machine (M2M) authentication for a Microsoft Entra ID service principal. This is also known as OAuth 2.0 client credentials authentication.

Note

JDBC 2.6.40.1071 resolves the issue in older versions that connecting using M2M for private link workspaces was not supported.

To configure OAuth M2M or OAuth 2.0 client credentials authentication, do the following:

1. Create a Microsoft Entra ID managed service principal and then assign it to Azure Databricks accounts and workspaces. To do this, see Manage service principals.

   Important

   JDBC driver 2.6.36 and above supports Azure Databricks OAuth secrets for OAuth M2M or OAuth 2.0 client credentials authentication. Microsoft Entra ID secrets are not supported.

2. Create an Azure Databricks OAuth secret for the service principal. To do this, see Manually generate and use access tokens for OAuth M2M authentication.

3. Give the service principal access to your cluster or warehouse. See Compute permissions or Manage a SQL warehouse.

To authenticate using OAuth machine-to-machine (M2M) or OAuth 2.0 client credentials authentication, set the following configuration.

For a JDBC connection URL with embedded general configuration properties and sensitive credential properties:

jdbc:databricks://<server-hostname>:443;httpPath=<http-path>;AuthMech=11;Auth_Flow=1;OAuth2ClientId=<service-principal-application-id>;OAuth2Secret=<service-principal-oauth-secret>

For Java code with general configuration properties and sensitive credential properties set outside of the JDBC connection URL:

// ...
String url = "jdbc:databricks://<server-hostname>:443";
Properties p = new java.util.Properties();
p.put("httpPath", "<http-path>");
p.put("AuthMech", "11");
p.put("Auth_Flow", "1");
p.put("OAuth2ClientId", "<service-principal-application-id>");
p.put("OAuth2Secret", "<service-principal-oauth-secret>");
// ...
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, p);
// ...

• For a complete Java code example that you can adapt the preceding code snippet to you own needs, see the code example at the beginning of this article.
• In the preceding URL or Java code, replace the following placeholders:
  • Replace <service-principal-application-id> with the service principal’s Application (client) ID value.
  • Replace <service-principal-oauth-secret> with the service principal’s Azure Databricks OAuth secret. (Microsoft Entra ID secrets are not supported for OAuth M2M or OAuth 2.0 client credentials authentication.)
  • To get the values for <server-hostname> and <http-path>, see Compute settings for the Databricks JDBC Driver.

For more information, see the Using M2M Based Authentication section in the Databricks JDBC Driver Guide.