Hello Giovanni Luca Matera,
First, to check a quick fix:
Try in the Windows machine, to forget the network and by connecting to the SSID, and not ticking "use my Windows user account" at the prompt, and instead I typed in your username and password without the domain prefix.
If that has no effect, and you have verified that the certificate is correctly configured, and it is not experiede, then ikely it's a protocol issue. The Windows NPS uses schannel for security. Just like how a website uses TLS 1.0 or TLS 1.2 etc, the schannel uses SSL or TLS.
You can check this reference documentation: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/security/tls/tls-registry-settings
Area of registry to check out:
Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols
For example, one key is: Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\TLS 1.2
Inside this key you can create a server and client key. Inside the server and client keys, you create two REG_DWORD types named "DisabledByDefault" and "Enabled" and you use 0 or 1 to enable or disable.
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