
Please follow below tips to troubleshoot the issue.
1.Open SQL Server Configuration Manager -> SQL Server Services -> Make sure SQL Server service and SQL Server Browser service are running.
2.Open SQL Server Configuration Manager -> SQL Server Network Configuration -> Protocols for EPMDB -> Make sure TCP/IP is enabled.
3.Open server manager in AD server, SQL server and SharePoint server -> Local server -> Make sure Windows Firewall and IE Enhanced Security Configuration are off.
Reference:
https://spgeeks.devoworx.com/connection-timeout-expired-pre-login-handshake/
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