
Disabling a user doesn't have immediate effect, even with pure on-premises environments, due to caching on the backend (and sometimes frontend) services. Add to that the fact that it can take up to 30 minutes for the change to sync to Azure AD. If you need to immediately revoke access, use the Revoke-MgUserSignInSession
cmdlet and force a password change on the user.
Some additional details can be found in this article.