Hey,
As mentioned, check if all of your nodes are in possible owners list. Might help: https://www.sqlservercentral.com/forums/topic/after-sql-upgrade-from-sql-2014-to-sql-2016-failover-on-2-node-windows-cluster-fails
In addition, I would recommend you to check if your replica working properly.
As another option, you can use StarWind VSAN to configure replication between your sites.
https://www.starwindsoftware.com/starwind-virtual-san
Cheers,
Alex Bykovskyi
StarWind Software
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