Do you have remote access to the host server? If not then you cannot get this information. Within a guest VM you wouldn't see any of that info.
If you can run PS on the host server then it is no different than getting it on a local machine. Something like this:
Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Processor | Select-Object -Property DeviceId, Name, NumberOfCores, NumberOfLogicalProcessors
You should get back 1 row for each physical processor. If you get back 1 row then there is 1 physical processor, 2 rows = 2 processors, etc. For each processor you get the number of cores on that processor (they could differ). The logical processors tell you if hyperthreading is enabled.