Thank you for getting back and sharing the business requirement here.
I could not find a solution which can list the total amount of data that goes out/egresses of a subscription. It will help if you could file a feature request on our Azure Feedback Hub here so that team can prioritize this request.
Alternatively based on your statement above
Would it help if I were to define that each subscription is composed of a single Virtual network - could I then calculate the total amount of data egressing a virtual network?
To calculate the total egress data from a Virtual Network you can explore Traffic analytics.
Where you can use Virtual network flow logs to Record information about ingress and egress IP traffic through a virtual network.
Through traffic analytics you can visualize How much inbound/outbound traffic is there from your Vnet in Bytes.
As shown below.
Reference:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/usage-scenarios-traffic-analytics
Hope this helps! Please let me know if you have any additional questions. Thanks!