Robocopy should work fine in Win11. Can you share what error(s) you're getting? I wonder if your external drives are network shares and you're being bit by the Win11 behavior that it doesn't auto-reconnect network drives anymore until you use them the first time. This can cause problems for code that checks the status of drives before doing anything.
If you are literally replicating the entire drive and this is a Server OS then you might consider using Distributed File System Replication or similar instead. Other alternative backup apps may work as well, depending on the frequency you need this to run.