Check out this link: https://www.sql-easy.com/learn/how-to-uninstall-sql-server/ I have not followed it myself, but some people I have tried to help were able to eventually make a successful install after reading the article and follow all the instructions.
But it can be a quite difficult situation where you are running around in circles of uninstalling and installing. An alternative would be to create a virtual machine and run SQL Server on the VM.
I looked at the error in your log file. It's one I've seen before, but for which I have never found any resolution.