This requirement is not achievable using calculated column since the formula does not go through list items vertically, it only uses the column values on the current item.
As a workaround, you can build a flow and use REST to get the number of existing items with the same column value ( ID
in this scenario), and then update the current item.
Please see the sample flow:
Test result:
Reference: Get to know the SharePoint REST service. / Send An HTTP Request To SharePoint In Power Automate (MS FLOW).
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