@5Y54DMIN There are few other occurrence of this but under scenario where users connected to AAD via Adding a work or school account and after sometime when their company enabled hybrid AAD domain join.
As a result this causes the device to have 2 different single sign on state and then it fails with the error you mentioned. (On newer version of windows 10, the older DeviceID with the one created with adding work account gets removed automatically to prevent this dual SSO state which causes the AAD to think that the device is no longer present )
I think you might be falling under same scenario, if yes, you can remove the previous SSO cookies from following registry :
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\AAD\Storage key registry key
Once user is authenticated again, we write the SSO cookies again to the same location with updated device ID.
If the above does not fix your issue, please raise a support case with azure AD team.
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