Hello Paul, I am Henry and I want to share some thoughts about your issue.
From your described, I see the issue appears to be related to software or firmware glitch on the ZBook's Thunderbolt/USB-C controller, not a hardware failure. The port's data function is working, but the video signal (called DisplayPort Alternate Mode) has failed. The strange browser pop-ups are a symptom of this driver corruption.
You may consider these following solutions:
- Perform a Thunderbolt Controller Hard Reset
- Shut down the ZBook and unplug everything, including the power adapter and dock.
- Press and hold the power button for 30 seconds to drain all residual power.
- Plug in the power adapter (directly to the laptop) and boot up.
- Once logged into Windows, reconnect the dock.
- Reinstall Critical Drivers
- First, uninstall HP Support Assistant, as its behavior indicates it's part of the problem.
- Go to the official HP support website for your ZBook model.
- Download and install fresh copies of these drivers in order: BIOS, Chipset, and most importantly, the Thunderbolt Controller Driver. Restart after each installation.
- Check BIOS Security Settings
- Restart the computer and enter the BIOS setup (usually by pressing F10).
- Find the Thunderbolt Security Level setting.
- Temporarily set it to a lower security level, such as "No Security" or "DisplayPort and USB Only", to ensure the dock isn't being blocked.
Hope one of these works for you. If you find this guidance helpful, feel free to hit “Accept Answer” so others can benefit too.