Screen DPI vs Printer DPI

Question

Generally printers may have better dpi rating than screen dpi. Consider a situation where my screen has 300 dpi and the printer has 600 dpi, I'm wondering if I can take advantage of this when printing from C# WPF app. If I had a box image on the screen, one inch by one inch, the size of the printer pixel is effectively half the size of the pixel on the screen. Is there a way to tell the printer, to print the image, but to print at half size? If I were to scale the image before printing, the fine details of the image may be lost, but since the printer is capable of smaller pixels, telling the printer to scale the image should preserve these details. In a sense I'm looking to print by pixel, rather than by resolution - if the screen image has 300 pixels per inch and the printer is capable of 600 pixels per inch, can I tell the printer to print the image and have it measure 1/2 inch on paper?

MattSA