The short answer is ADDS does not support it directly.
However, if you configure the resource forest in Azure AD DS, then users in the account forest (on-premise) can access the resource forest (Azure AD DS).
So, you can configure the account forest to use MFA and these users can access Azure AD DS using MFA.
Reference : https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/reference-architectures/identity/adds-forest