Hi,
As you have tried all the settings and recommendations, I will request you to recheck the permissions and allow the Enterprise Apps OneNote - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/office/office-365-api/how-to/onenote-auth-appperms
If this does not help I will suggest you to raise a support case with Microsoft over here - https://azure.microsoft.com/en-ca/support/create-ticket/
Hope this helps.
JS
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