Hi @Marcus Bauer ,
The Focused Inbox is an 365 thing, not avail for server-side configuration on-prem.
Honestly, the way it works and the mailbox intelligence it leverages means it prob will never be ported to on-prem mailboxes in the same way it is in 365.
Despite what this article implies:
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/focused-inbox-for-outlook-f445ad7f-02f4-4294-a82e-71d8964e3978#:~:text=Focused%20Inbox%20separates%20your%20inbox,%2C%20and%20Outlook.com%20accounts.
In Outlook for Windows, Focused Inbox is available only for Microsoft 365, Exchange, and Outlook.com accounts.
So the reason you can leverage this for Outlook mobile is because the caching of your mailbox for the Outlook App is actually done in Microsoft 365, so that is where the focused inbox logic is handled.
Hope that make sense!