Hi Erik,
To find out where your Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) data is stored geographically, you can use the "Data residency in Azure" feature. Once logged in with your Office 365 credentials, you can select your desired geography to see the data center regions where your data is located.
In terms of energy consumption, Microsoft monitors energy and water usage at its datacenters in order to improve sustainability within the Azure cloud. They collect statistics on these metrics at both a global level and for each operating geography. Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) is an industry standard metric that measures the efficiency of a data center in using the energy it consumes. The closer a PUE number is to "1", the more efficiently the data center uses energy.
Microsoft has made significant strides in improving energy and water efficiency through the development of new datacenter locations. Advanced cooling techniques, combined with cloud computing efficiency and thermal design, significantly reduce the amount of energy required to provide cloud services.
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I hope this helps! If you have any more questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask. I’m here to help!