Hello,
Based on the information you provided, I suggest you try to open cmd as an administrator and run the following command to check whether the problem disk has file system structure damage (replace the D drive letter in the command line below with the drive letter of the actual problem disk):
Chkdsk D:
If the problem is caused by a physical disk or related disk driver problem, I suggest you contact the disk manufacturer as soon as possible to resolve the problem.
I suggest you refer to the following link:
MSSQLSERVER_825 - SQL Server | Microsoft Learn
Best Regards
Zunhui