First we need to define our terms.
Compiling is a process of syntax checking your VBA code. Thi is done from the Debug menu in the VBE. the first choice is Compile. What this does is go through the VBA code and look for errors. it will stop at the first error it finds. You can then correct the error and restart the Compile, until no errors are found.
Compiling is also used to refer to the process of converting an Access app to an accde/mde. This process psuedo "compiles" the VBA code and removes it from the app. This is done under File>Save & Publish
Debugging is a process of finding problems in the code generally by setting break points and watch points so the code stops executing at the set point. From there you can step through the code line by line. You can then use the Locals window to check the value of variables as each line is processed. Setting points and stepping through can be done from the Debug menu or toolbar in the VBE.